PhDRDV / Institute for Rural Development / In other parts of sub-Saharan Africa, Traditional Councils (TCs) have always been central to the
governance of rural communities. In South Africa, they were restructured in 2003 in order to
promote effective leadership and good governance. According to the Traditional Leadership and
Governance Framework Act 41 of 2003, TCs are responsible for land administration, promotion
of peace and stability, facilitating service delivery and building sustainable social cohesion in
rural communities, among others. In Vhembe District, for example, land disputes, violent
protests and xenophobic attacks are experienced. This situation raises the question whether
TCs are really functional. Multi stage stratified random sampling was used to select six out of
the 43 TCs in the Vhembe District for the purpose of the current study. Age, gender and degree
of rurality were considered when selecting respondents. Using the exploratory sequential mixed
methods design, a series of studies were conducted to suggest a functionality index for TCs.
The first study was conducted to clarify the meaning of rural development as perceived by
grassroots communities. Focus group discussions, observation and preference ranking were
used to collect data in the six TCs. Using Atlas Ti version 7.5 software, standard of living,
service provision, empowerment, agricultural practice, economic development, shopping malls,
indigenous culture and traditions, competent human resource and spatial planning were
identified as key elements of rural development. The Friedman test of the IBM Statistical
Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to calculate the mean ranks of the
identified themes. Most respondents (mean rank 7.57) defined rural development in terms of
service delivery with construction of shopping centres (mean rank 3.90) and promotion of
culture ( mean rank 3.65) being the least popular views. Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P < 0. 01)
confirmed service delivery and standard of life to be the most preferred indicators of rural
development.
The second study was to explain the roles of TCS in developing rural communities. In addition
to reviewing previous literature and legislations, focus group discussions, observations and
preference ranking techniques were used to explain the roles of TCs in rural development.
Service delivery, land administration, management of resources, social welfare, administration
of justice, economic development, records keeping, recruitment of investors, moral
regeneration, culture and tradition, and communication were identified as key roles of TC in
developing rural communities. The Friedman test was performed to calculate the mean ranks of
each of the identified roles. The results indicated that provisioning of service delivery (mean
rank 7.34) was the most preferred role TCs are expected to perform in developing rural
communities with communication (mean rank 4.75) being the least preferred. Wilcoxon signedrank
test (P=0.00) indicated that there was a remarkable significance difference between the
most recognised role of TC (service delivery) and the other three (communication, culture and
moral regeneration) which were identified as less important in the current study. It was evident
in the study that various government policies that defines the roles of TCs did not provide
specific duties traditional councillors should perform within the listed fields of functional
domains.
The third study was carried out to determine the major attributes of functional TCs in the
Vhembe District of South Africa. Leadership and governance, resources, organisational
structure, development programmes and social cohesion were the main five attributes of
functional TCs identified in the study. Friedman test was computed to establish the mean ranks
of each of the identified attributes. The study revealed that effective leadership and good
governance (mean rank 3.71) was the most attribute contributing to the functionality of TCs in
Vhembe rural communities with social cohesion (mean rank 2.03) being the least identified.
The results of Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P < 0.01) indicated a significance difference only to
those pairs of variables including social cohesion. Therefore, the study concluded that social
cohesion was the least preferred attribute of functional TCs.
The results of the study were used to develop an index for measuring the functionality of TCs in
rural development. The equation is in the form:
To become functional, traditional councillors should be equipped with leadership and
governance skills for rural development. Based on the findings of the current study, it is further
recommended that provisioning of basic services such as water, sanitation and electricity in
Vhembe rural communities be prioritized over other programmes for development discussed in
the study. Furthermore, the study recommends for establishment of guidelines explaining the
roles of TCs and to be translated in local languages. / NRF
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:univen/oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:11602/1296 |
| Date | 16 May 2019 |
| Creators | Mudimeli, Ronald Nyambeni |
| Contributors | Francis, J., Tshitangoni, M. M. |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Rights | University of Venda |
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