<p>Tokom tri vegetacione sezone mereni su fiziološki<br />parametri: fotosinteza, transpiracija, efikasnost<br />iskorištavanja vode (WUE), kao i parametri<br />bioprodukcije na odabranim šumskim<br />populacijama bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.), smrče<br />(Picea abies (L.) Kartsen) i jele (Abies alba Mill.),<br />čija su staništa na različitim nadmorskim visinama<br />sa različitom dostupnošću vode u zemljištu.<br />Određivana je i zavisnost između položaja šumske<br />zajednice na padini planine (nadmorska visina i<br />nagib) i fotosinteze, odnosno bioprodukcije<br />biljaka. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se precizno<br />definiše mogući dalji trend geografskog<br />pomeranja staništa odabranih biljnih vrsta koji je u<br />korelaciji sa morfo-fiziološkim adaptivnim<br />odgovorom biljaka na promenu ekoloških uslova<br />životne sredine. Fotosintetička aktivnost tokom<br />vegetacione sezone bila je stabilna ili se<br />povećavala pri optimalnoj vlažnosti zemljišta. Na<br />lokalitetima Tara i Kopaonik količina<br />atmosferskih padavina nije igrala određujuću<br />ulogu u dinamici fotosintetičke asimilacije CO<sub>2</sub>.<br />Vlažnost zemljišta je na ovim lokalitetima bila<br />visoka i stabilna zbog dreniranja vode sa okolnih<br />brda. Registrovane razlike u dinamici fotosinteze<br />između ispitivanih vrsta povezane su sa različitim<br />životnim ciklusom listopadnih i četinarskih vrsta i<br />sa različitim fiziološkim adaptacionim<br />strategijama na promene faktora spoljašnje<br />sredine. Na dinamiku fotosintetičke asimilacije<br />CO<sub>2 </sub>signifikantno utiče prosečna temperatura<br />vazduha pre i tokom merenja, prosečna<br />osmonedeljna količina padavina pre merenja,<br />količina padavina na dan merenja, kao i<br />momentalna vlažnost zemljišta (MVZ). Rezultati<br />istraživanja ukazuju da će dejstvo klimatskih<br />promena biti više izraženo na šumskim<br />populacijama koje se nalaze na vršnim,<br />grebenskim lokalitetima većih nadmorskih visina,<br />ili na padinama planina. Sušni periodi tokom<br />vegetacione sezone, značajan su faktor pomeranja<br />šuma planinskih lokaliteta. Bukove šume su dobro<br />adaptirane na sušu i dobro podnose temperaturni<br />stres, međutim, dugi periodi sa oskudnim<br />padavinama izazivaju smanjenje asimilacije CO<sub>2</sub><br />što ograničava značaj šuma u ublažavanju<br />klimatskih promena.</p> / <p>During three vegetation seasons, physiological<br />parameters, such as photosynthesis, transpiration,<br />water use efficiency (WUE), as well as the parameters<br />of bioproduction of the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.),<br />spruce (Picea abies (L.) Kartsen) and fir (Abies alba<br />Mill.) forest populations have been investigated<br />depending on different altitude mountain. The<br />relationship between the photosynthesis (and<br />bioproduction) of plants and the slope of the mountain<br />is also specified according to ecological parameters<br />(water regime and temperature. The aim of this<br />research is to define physiological status of forest<br />mountain ecosystems in relation to the ecological<br />conditions and predict further trend of geographic shift<br />of the habitats, which is in correlation with the plant<br />morpho-physiological adaptation responses on<br />environmental changes. Photosynthetic activity<br />during vegetation season was stable or increased in<br />optimal level of soil moisture conditions. On the<br />localities of Tara and Kopaonik the quantity of<br />atmospheric precipitation did not play a determining<br />role in the dynamics of photosynthetic assimilation of<br />CO<sub>2</sub>. On these localities soil moisture was high and<br />stable as a result of water running off from<br />surrounding mountains. Detected differences in the<br />dynamics of photosynthesis of the tested species are<br />result of various lifecycles of deciduous and<br />coniferous trees and various physiological adaptation<br />strategies. The most influential effects on the<br />dynamics of the photosynthesis of the beech, spruce<br />and fir plants during the vegetation season were the<br />following abiotic factors: average air temperature<br />before measuring, temperature on the day of<br />measuring, eight-week amount of average<br />precipitation before measuring, amount of<br />precipitation on the day of measuring and soil<br />humidity. The analysis of the physiological parameters<br />of the beech populations of various mountain altitudes<br />show that even if beech is sensitive to draught it has<br />the physiological potential to keep its vitality by<br />efficient managing water. Effect of climatic changes<br />will be more expressed in forests that can be found on<br />high altitude mountain reefs and peaks. Beech forests<br />tolerate temperature and drought stress, but long<br />periods of poor precipitation cause the decrease of<br />CO<sub>2 </sub>assimilation which consequently decreases their<br />importance in the global reduction of atmospheric<br />CO<sub>2</sub>, i.e. limits their role in the moderation of climate<br />change.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)94215 |
| Date | 28 May 2015 |
| Creators | Horak Rita |
| Contributors | Pajević Slobodanka, Orlović Saša, Borišev Milan, Nikolić Nataša, Pilipović Andrej |
| Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences at Novi Sad |
| Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
| Language | Serbian |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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