FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Foi realizado o levantamento florÃstico do componente herbÃcio em cinco sÃtios ecolÃgicos dos municÃpios de Tauà e QuixelÃ, CearÃ, objetivando conhecer as espÃcies de maior ocorrÃncia e com potencial forrageiro atravÃs da determinaÃÃo da composiÃÃo bromatolÃgica e fraÃÃes que compÃem os compostos nitrogenados e carboidratos e estimativa dos nutrientes digestÃveis totais (NDT). Em Ãrea de aproximadamente 1 ha, para cada sÃtio, foram amostrados 20 pontos nos sÃtios I, II, IV e V e 10 pontos no III utilizando-se moldura retangular com dimensÃo de 1,45 x 0,70 m. Nestes pontos foi determinado a bobertura do solo, contadas as plantas vivas que se encontravam dentro da moldura, em seguida separadas por espÃcie e identificadas botanicamente / Floristic survey was conducted of the component
herbaceus in five ecological sites in the
municipalities of Taua and Quixelo, Ceara, to ascertain the species of higher occurrence and
a potential forage through the dete
rmination of chemical bromatol
ogic and fractions that make
up the nitrogen compounds and carbohydrates a
nd of estimate total
digestible nutrients
(TDN). In area of about 1ha for each site, were
sampled 20 points in site
s I, II, IV and V and
10 points in the III using a rectangular frame w
ith dimension of 1.45 x 0.70 m. In these points
was determined to coverege the soil, counted li
ve plants which were within the frame, then
separated by species an
d identified botany. The floristic para
meters the stratum herbaceous
evaluated were: number of families, genera, sp
ecies and individuals, frequency of families
and species, percentage of the aggregate inde
x IGA, diversity estimated by index of Shannon-
Wiener (H '), dominance by Simpson ( C), samp
le sufficiency, absolute density (AD) and
relative density (RD). Were determined the le
vels dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash
(MM), organic matter (OM), stratum ether (EE)
, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid
detergent fiber (ADF). The data on chemical-bromatologic composition were submitted to
descriptive and multivariate analysis, with gr
ouping of areas two step clustering using the
SAS statistical package. It was determined
the fraction A of the nitrogen compounds, B1
fraction, fraction B3, fraction C and B2 frac
tion determined by the difference between the
total nitrogen and the fractions A, B1, B3 and
C. The carbohydrates tota
l, C fraction, fraction
B2 and the fractions of carbohydrates with high
rates of degradation rumen (A+B1). We used
the equations of the NRC (2001) for prediction
of the energy value and calculate the ED, EM
P
and EL
L
. The flora herbaceous ecological in the fi
ve sites was represented by 22 families, 47
genera and 54 species, totali
ng 16.679 individuals. The numb
er of parcels was enough to
estimate the reality of floristic composition, as
evidenced by the no entry of new species in
ecological sites. The diversity for sites I,
II, III, IV and V
was 0.98, 0.92, 0.94, 0.94 and 0.97
nats/individuals for the index of Shannon-Wi
ener (H ') and of 0.87, 0.97, 0.95, 0.85 and 0.86
nats/individuals for the index
of dominance by Simpson (C),
thus showing, low floristic
diversity. The pattern of dist
ribution was uniform for the si
tes II, III, IV and V with
xvi
percentages of 88, 100, 96.55 and 1
00%, respectively. The ecological
site I with 90.63% of
the plant community has tended to group together
. For the chemical composition of the result
of clustering analysis allowed
the formation of three distinct
groups: sites I and IV (in the
municipalities of Quixelo and Ta
ua); sites II and III
(Quixelo) and ecological site V (Taua).
The ordination of five ecological sites based
on the correlation of levels DM, MM, EE, CP,
NDF and ADF. There was significant effect (P
<0.01) for all variables
within each ecological
site. There was wide variation in chemical
composition, with levels ranging from DM 5 to
85% , CP 6 to 22% , EE 2.4 to 12% , NDF from
36 to 90%, FDA from 22.5 to 49 , 5% for
MM and more than 40% of the species showed an average of 10% in MS. For fraction A
(non-protein nitrogen - NNP)
of nitrogen compounds were obt
ained values of 56.66% to
77.46% -
Waltheria indica
L. for the
Macroptilium lathyroides
(L) Urb.
Aeschynomene rudis
Benth and
Stylosanthes humilis
Kunth. presented, respectively,
over fraction of B1 (14.13 and
19.41%) compared with other avaluated species.
For the B2 fraction values of ranged from
34.06 and 32.21% for
Paspalum conspersum
Schrad and
Waltheria indica
L. respectively.
The B3 fraction ranged from 0.62 to 25.70%,
Waltheria indica
L and
Ipomoeaea hederifolia
L, respectively. The C fraction of nitrogen was lower for the
cenchrus equinatus
(0.75%),
followed by
Ipomoea grandifolia
(Dammer) O' Donell (1.13
%). In fractionation of
carbohydrates, it was observed that th
e fraction C ranged 13.49 to 52.90% for
Ipomoea
grandifolia
(Dammer) O' Donell and
Wissadula subpeltata
(Kuntze) R. E. Fr, respectively.
For
Eragrostis pilosa
(L.) P. Beauv and
Senna obtusifolia
(l.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby, values
for the fraction A+B1, were 0.74 to 52.79%. The
Macroptilium lathyroides
(L) Urb.,
Senna
obtusifolia
(l.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby,
Ipomoeaea hederifolia
L., and
Ipomoea grandifolia
(Dammer) O' Donell were 82.41, 84.95, 84.07 and 86.50%
of their carbohydrates in the form
of fraction A+B1+B2. The energy values es
timated to TDN, DE, ELL and EMP, it was
observed for the
Ipomoea grandifolia
(Dammer) O' Donell 78.96%, 3.45, 3.08 and 1.94
Mcal/kg, respectively
Macroptilium lathyroides
(L) Urb 69.00%; 2.78, 2.37, 1.47 Mcal/kg,
Senna obtusifolia
(L.) H. S. Irwin & Barne
by 67.86%, 2.94, 2.53 and 1.59 Mcal/kg,
respectively,
Aeschynomene rudis
Benth. 65.71%, 2.94, 2.53 resp
ectively and 1.59 Mcal/kg
and
Stylosanthes humilis
Kunth. 64.82%, 2.90, 2.49 and 1.56 Mcal
/kg showed higher values
for other pecies. The soil covering by biomass
the herbaceous stratum of
the sites ecological
shows wide variation. The families most fre
quently in ecological sites evaluated are
Commelinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euforbiaceae, Leguminoseae, Malvaceae, PortulacÃcea,
Poaceae
and
Rubiaceae
. The environments studied have lo
w floristic diversity. There was a
uniform predominance of distribution of species
in four of the sites surveyed, where only one
of five sites ecological species were tendi
ng to group. Most of the analyzed species, with
relationship to the bromatologyc-composition, has potential for the use as forage. The
conservation of the spare materi
al during the rainy period can
supply the protein deficiency
and available fiber and to promote the mainte
nance of the pattern of fermentation of the
rumen, improving performance of ruminant ones in the period of forage shortage. The
fractionation of carbohydrates and
protein are analysis simple,
not expensive and must be
carried out in all feed for ruminants. The use
of equations of the NRC (2001) to predict the
energy values of foods was appropr
iate for the conditions of this
research, there is a need for
validation for these species of caatinga
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:www.teses.ufc.br:3546 |
| Date | 29 August 2008 |
| Creators | Maria do Socorro de Caldas Pinto |
| Contributors | Maria Socorro de Souza Carneiro, ElzÃnia Sales Pereira, Magno Josà Duarte CÃndido, AlberÃcio Pereira de Andrade, Divan Soares da Silva |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Programa de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo Integrado em Zootecnia-PDIZ, UFC, BR |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFC, instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará, instacron:UFC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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