Dilantin (diphenylhydantoin or DPH) has been given to epileptic mothers to control seizures during pregnancy. Previous research has demonstrated that exposure of human embryos to Dilantin in vivo results in an increased probability of abnormal development and early fetal loss. Preliminary results with cultured 1-cell and 2-cell mouse embryos demonstrated that Dilantin causes mouse embryonic cleavage events to slow during preimplantation development (Chatot et al., unpublished). Dilantin may be responsible for this by inhibiting the rate of DNA synthesis during cleavage or by affecting the expression of proteins that control cell cycle progression. The standard expression pattern of these cell cycle regulatory proteins (cyclins) has not previously been determined in the mouse preimplantation embryo model. In this study, immunolabellingtechniques have been used to determine the expression pattern of cyclins D, A, and B 1 in the first three cell cycles of preimplantation mouse embryo development.This study reveals a unique expression pattern of cyclins D, A, and B1 in the first three cell cycles of preimplantation embryo development. Examination of the beginning of the first cell cycle, or G1, indicated a moderate expression of cyclin B1 and A but no cyclin D expression. During DNA synthesis (S-phase) all cyclin expression was virtually nonexistent. Toward the end of the cell cycle at G2/M, cyclin D expression appeared to be at moderate levels while cyclins A and B 1 exhibited minimal degrees of expression.In G 1 of the second cell cycle, cyclins D and A were minimally to moderately expressed and cyclin B 1 expression was minimal. At S-phase, cyclin D expression dropped to minimal levels whereas cyclins A and B 1 were at minimal to moderate levels of expression. At G2/M of the second cell cycle, cyclin B1 was expressed at minimal to moderate levels and cyclins A and D were both expressed at minimal levels.The third cell cycle began at G 1 with cyclin B 1 being expressed at moderate levels followed by minimal to moderate levels of cyclin D expression and minimal expression for cyclin A. Cyclin D expression increased to moderate levels at S-phase and cyclin A exhibited minimal to moderate levels of expression. Cyclin B 1 was observed at moderate levels of expression at S-phase of the third cell cycle. G2 of the third cell cycle included a drop to minimal levels of expression of cyclin D, while cyclin A expression remained at minimal to moderate levels and cyclin B remained at moderate levels of expression.The cyclin expression pattern for the first three cell cycles in preimplantation mouse embryos is unique compared to known cyclin expression patterns in other species. Cyclin D is expressed in G1 and is known to be necessary for advancement to S-phase in human glioblastoma cell lines (Xiong et al., 1991). Cyclin A is active at S-phase through Win human fibroblasts and xenopus oocytes (Giordino et al., 1991; Minshul et al., 1990). Cyclin B is present at G2 through mitosis in human fibroblasts and xenopus oocytes (Pines and Hunter, 1990; Minshul et al, 1990). / Department of Biology
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:BSU/oai:cardinalscholar.bsu.edu:handle/186118 |
| Date | January 1998 |
| Creators | Lavelle, Thomas C. |
| Contributors | Chatot, Clare L. |
| Source Sets | Ball State University |
| Detected Language | English |
| Format | vii, 61 leaves ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm. |
| Source | Virtual Press |
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