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Previous issue date: 2011-04-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Piperine interference (amide extracted from black pepper) added to the diet of broiler chickens experimentally intoxicated by aflatoxin B1 (mycotoxin of great importance in the poultry sector) and it?s chemoprotective capacity were the main goal of this work. The experiment was divided into two assays: (i) The first assay was carried out to determine the effects of different concentrations of piperine (0, 60, 120, 180 ppm) and it?s possible toxicity in broiler chickens diets. Ninety six male chicks (Cobb), seven days old were used, being randomly allocated into four experimental groups (n=24) during 35 consecutive days. The following parameters were evaluated: biochemical, hematological, histopathological (proventriculus, gizzard, liver, kidney), histomorphometric (small intestine) and zootecnic. The concentration of 60 ppm of piperine in the diet was safe for broilers, showing better performance of broilers on period from 36 to 42 days old. The concentration of 180 ppm caused leukopenia and concentrations of 120 and 180 ppm was observed decrease in the number of heterophils and monocytes. Hepatotoxicity was observed by elevated AST enzyme activity, histopathological changes and decreased absorption surface in the segments (jejunum and ileum) of small intestine were observed for both 120 and 180 ppm concentrations. (ii) In the second assay, 60 broilers with nine days old divided into four groups: control, piperine (60 ppm added to diet), aflatoxin B1 (0.5 mg of aflatoxin B1.Kg-1 of body weight, orally) and piperine associated aflatoxin B1, were evaluated by effect chemoprotector of piperine against toxics effects of aflatoxin B1 being evaluated for zootecnic, biochemical, histopathological and histomorphometric parameters, toxic heterophils in peripheral blood and genotoxic by comet assay and micronucleus were also determined. No changes in the performance parameters were observed after this experiment. Broiler chickens intoxicated with AFB1 (0.5 mg of aflatoxin B1.kg-1 of body weight ) showed: decreased body weight gain and increased feed conversion; reduced carcass and cuts yields; liver toxicity, with increased relative weight of the liver and heart, macroscopic variations of hepatic parenchyma and increase of liver enzymes activity; kidney enzymes increase without evidence of renal tissue damage macroscopic or microscopic; leukopenia with significant reduction of lymphocytes and heterophils; reduction in absorptive surface due to the reduction of the length and width of the villi of all studied segments of small intestine; presence of toxic heterophils. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1 described above were significantly reduced or absent in the group of broiler intoxicated with aflatoxin B1 and fed with with piperine. No significant difference between piperine associated aflatoxin B1 in control and piperine groups were observed. The addition of 60 ppm of piperine in the diet of broiler chickens was safe, promoting beneficial effect both in zootecnic parameters and in poultry health, preventing toxic effects of aflatoxin B1in broiler chickens. / A interfer?ncia da piperina (amida extra?da da pimenta do reino) adicionada ? ra??o de frangos de corte intoxicados experimentalmente por aflatoxina B1 (micotoxina de grande relev?ncia no setor av?cola) e sua capacidade quimioprotetora foram o principal objetivo deste trabalho. O experimento foi dividido em dois ensaios: (i) O primeiro ensaio foi realizado para determinar os efeitos de diferentes concentra??es de piperina (0, 60, 120 e 180 ppm) foram avaliados e sua poss?vel toxicidade. Noventa e seis pintos (Cobb), com 7 dias de idade foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=24), por 35 dias consecutivos. Os par?metros avaliados foram: hematol?gicos, bioqu?micos, histopatol?gicos (proventr?culo, moela, f?gado e rim), histomorfom?trico (intestino delgado) e par?metros zoot?cnicos. A concentra??o de 60 ppm de piperina adicionada ? ra??o foi segura para frangos de corte, tendo ainda resultado em melhor desempenho dos frangos na fase final (36-42 dias de idade). A concentra??o de 180 ppm promoveu leucopenia e nas concentra??es de 120 e 180 ppm foi observada diminui??o do n?mero de heter?filos e mon?citos; hepatotoxicidade, com eleva??o da enzima AST e altera??es histopatol?gicas em ambas as concentra??es; diminui??o da superf?cie de absor??o nos segmentos (jejuno e ?leo) do intestino delgado, por?m, sem altera??o dos par?metros zoot?cnicos. (ii) Para o segundo ensaio com a concentra??o de 60ppm de piperina: 60 frangos com 9 dias de idade, foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=15): grupo controle, grupo aflatoxina B1 (0,5 mg aflatoxina B1.kg-1 de peso vivo por via oral), grupo piperina (60 ppm adicionada ? ra??o) e grupo piperina associada a aflatoxina B1, determinando-se a capacidade quimioprotetora da piperina sendo avaliados os par?metros zoot?cnicos, hematol?gicos, bioqu?micos, histopatol?gicos, histomorfom?tricos, os efeitos genot?xicos da aflatoxina B1 pelo teste do cometa e do micron?cleo, presen?a de heter?filos t?xicos no sangue perif?rico. Os frangos intoxicados com aflatoxina B1 (0,5 mg de aflatoxina B1.Kg-1 de peso vivo) apresentaram: diminui??o do ganho m?dio de peso e piora da convers?o alimentar; diminui??o do rendimento de carca?a e cortes; hepatotoxicidade, com aumento de peso relativo do f?gado e cora??o, varia??es macrosc?picas do par?nquima hep?tico e eleva??o das enzimas hep?ticas; aumento das enzimas renais, sem evid?ncia de les?es macrosc?picas e microsc?picas no tecido renal; leucopenia, com diminui??o significativa de linf?citos e heter?filos; diminui??o da superf?cie de absor??o em fun??o da redu??o do comprimento e largura das vilosidades de todos os segmentos estudados do intestino delgado; presen?a de heter?filos t?xicos. Os efeitos citot?xicos e genot?xicos da aflatoxina B1 foram significativamente reduzidos ou ausentes no grupo piperina associada a aflatoxina B1, sem diferen?a significativa entre o grupo controle e piperina. A ra??o de frangos de corte com 60 ppm de piperina foi segura, promovendo efeito ben?fico tanto nos par?metros zoot?cnicos avaliados, como na sanidade av?cola, por impedir os efeitos t?xicos da aflatoxina B1 em frangos de corte.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1175 |
| Date | 28 April 2011 |
| Creators | Cardoso, Ver?nica da Silva |
| Contributors | Danelli, Maria das Gra?as Miranda, Direito, Gloria Maria |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Veterin?rias, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Veterin?ria |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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