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Previous issue date: 2015-01-23 / Technological advances encourages the constant exchange of electronic equipment by increasing the amount of waste generated. The concern with the disposal of these wastes is related to the amount of available metals and final disposal, which usually occurs in dumps or landfills. These wastes have precious metals and other trace elements that are released into the environment by leaching from the organic acid attack. Most of these residues has printed circuit boards in which are concentrated the most metals, and the characterization of these plates help to choose the most appropriate recycling processes. This study aimed to characterize the printed circuit boards of mobile phones as its danger and composition as well as preliminarily investigate the possibility of copper recovery via an electrolytic process and test a mixture of coagulant / flocculant in the removal of metals, including copper. The plates were ground knives in order to release the metals and then separating the particle size was made in three fractions of different sizes. Each of the fractions was characterized by digestion in aqua regia, diffraction and X-ray fluorescence characterization, as the danger was performed through recommended by the ABNT NBR 10005. In the fractions resulting from the grain size were performed gravity separations. For the recovery of copper was used in electrolytic technique medium prepared with the electrolyte coming from the gravimetric fraction with a higher concentration of metals. The copper recovery efficiency through electrolytic process was evaluated by the decrease of its concentration in the electrolyte at five different times. Also, the use of coagulant mixture / flocculant had their efficiency assessed by check which proportion coagulant / flocculant used resulted in solution with lower concentrations of metals. It is also made of copper recovery compared by both methods. Mechanical processes are used to promote adequate concentration of most metals with approximately 80% in the coarser fraction using the separation grain size. The characterization results showed that the printed circuit boards of mobile phones are rich in copper, mean values reaching 40%, in addition to having small amounts of gold and silver. In the study of danger, lead levels were found in amounts well above the limit established by ABNT NBR 10004, requiring specific treatments at the disposal of this type of waste. Some proportions coagulant / flocculant used produced better results than others, getting, on average, above 90% removal. The recovery of copper showed better performance using the electrolytic process, compared to that obtained at any ratio coagulant / flocculant used once reached 98.05 % after 40 minutes. It was estimated the average revenue generated in the recovery of metals from the main printed circuit boards of mobile phones discarded in 2013 in Brazil, reaching the amount of US $ 6,182,263.06 / O avan?o tecnol?gico incentiva a troca constante dos equipamentos eletroeletr?nicos aumentando a quantidade de res?duos gerados. A preocupa??o com a disposi??o desses res?duos est? relacionada com a quantidade de metais existentes e sua disposi??o final, que geralmente se d? em lix?es ou aterros. Estes res?duos apresentam metais preciosos e outros elementos tra?os que s?o liberados no meio ambiente pela lixivia??o proveniente do ataque de ?cidos org?nicos. A maior parte destes res?duos possui placas de circuito impresso onde est? concentrada a maior parte dos metais, sendo que a caracteriza??o destas placas ajuda na escolha dos processos de reciclagem mais adequados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as placas de circuito impresso de telefones celulares quanto sua periculosidade e composi??o, bem como investigar preliminarmente a possibilidade de recupera??o de cobre via um processo eletrol?tico e testar uma mistura de coagulante/floculante na remo??o de metais, inclusive cobre. As placas foram processadas em moinho de facas, a fim de liberar os metais e, em seguida, foi feita a separa??o granulom?trica em tr?s fra??es de diferentes tamanhos. Cada uma das fra??es foi caracterizada por digest?o em ?gua r?gia, difra??o e fluoresc?ncia de raios X. A caracteriza??o, quanto ? periculosidade, foi realizada por meio do preconizado pela NBR ABNT 10005. Nas fra??es oriundas da granulometria foram realizadas as separa??es gravim?tricas. Para a recupera??o de cobre foi utilizada a t?cnica eletrol?tica por meio de eletr?lito preparado com a fra??o oriunda da gravimetria com maior concentra??o de metais. A efici?ncia da recupera??o de cobre via processo eletrol?tico foi avaliada por meio da diminui??o de sua concentra??o no eletr?lito em cinco tempos diferentes. J? a utiliza??o da mistura coagulante/floculante teve sua efici?ncia avaliada pela verifica??o de qual propor??o coagulante/floculante utilizada resultou em solu??o com menor concentra??o de metais. Fez-se tamb?m a compara??o de recupera??o de cobre por ambos os m?todos. Os processos mec?nicos utilizados foram adequados para promoverem a concentra??o da maioria dos metais alcan?ando cerca de 80 % na fra??o mais grosseira utilizando-se a separa??o granulom?trica. Os resultados da caracteriza??o mostraram que as placas de circuito impresso de celulares s?o ricas em cobre, alcan?ando valores m?dios de 40 %, al?m de apresentarem pequenas quantidades de ouro e prata. No estudo de periculosidade, foram encontrados n?veis de chumbo em quantidades muito acima do limite estabelecido pela NBR ABNT 10004, sendo necess?rios tratamentos espec?ficos no descarte deste tipo de res?duo. Algumas propor??es de coagulante/floculante utilizadas produziram resultados mais satisfat?rios que outras, ficando, na m?dia, acima dos 90 % de remo??o. A recupera??o de cobre apresentou melhor desempenho utilizando processo eletrol?tico, quando comparado ao obtido a qualquer propor??o de coagulante/floculante utilizada, uma vez que alcan?ou 98,05 % ap?s 40 minutos. Foi estimada a receita m?dia gerada, na recupera??o dos principais metais contidos nas placas de circuito impresso dos telefones celulares, descartados em 2013, no Brasil, chegando-se ao valor de US $ 6.182.263,06.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1724 |
| Date | 23 January 2015 |
| Creators | Jesus, Theo Antonio de |
| Contributors | Casqueira, Rui de G?es, Costa, Dilma Alves, Costa, Dilma Alves, Campos, Juacyara Carbonelli, Silva, Leonardo Duarte Batista da |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia Qu?mica, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Tecnologia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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