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Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / CAPES / This work was performed in human cadavers and animal carcasses, with the aim to describe the injuries and assess the evolution of these artifacts during development of the decomposition process. The cadavers were examined at the scene and at the morgue. Two types of substrates were found: found accidentally and intentionally exposed to the activity of ants. Data collection for the bodies lasted a year, in Rio de Janeiro and Amazonas. Data collection for carcasses was held in July, followed by two years in an army barracks, in Rio de Janeiro. The specimens were collected with tweezers and transported to the laboratory immersed in 70% ethanol. We used three domestic pig - Sus scrofa, dead at the scene by shooting projectile firearm and exposed areas with nests inside a modified Shannon trap, a distance of 50 meters from each other. Four pitfalls were arranged around the traps. Photographs were made and only one or two specimens that caused artifacts were collected, relating them with injuries. The specimens were conducted for Myrmecology Laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro for identification. During the research , we analyzed eight cases of human cadavers, in which were collected : a) Myrmicinae subfamily , tribe Solenopsidini possibly genus Solenopsis spp b ) Camponotus sp.1 c ) Camponotus sp.2 d ) Camponotus rufipes ; e) Pheidole sp. 1 f ) Ectatomma sp.1 g ) Cephalotes atratus h) Crematogaster sp.1 i) small ants unidentified. However , only the first taxon was found associated with the corpses of the IML. Associated with animal carcasses were found : a) Solenopsis sp.1 b ) Pheidole sp.1 c ) Brachymyrmex sp.1 d ) Wasmannia sp.1 e) Ectatomma lugens . The latter being associated with animal carcass found accidentally. Among the collected species, Ectatomma sp.1 Brachymyrmex sp.1 and Wasmannia sp.1 causing artifacts were not observed. The lesions encountered can be described as serpentine punctuated by presenting color ranging from yellow to dark brown. They had removing skin surface such as scratches, in some cases, removal of the evolved to underlying tissues. In some cases, the detachment of the epidermis formed a clump of skin similar to those observed in cadavers in more advanced stage of decomposition. The jaws of the ants produce lesions in the superficial vessels causing bleeding postmortem. We also observed similar chemical injuries to injuries intra vitam produced by burning acid and / or smoking. Lesions caused by Solenopsis sp. was possible to trace the tracks of foraging evidenced by formic acid , as well as the accumulation of dirt, indicating the attempt of ants close these post-mortem lesions. It was found that ants can lead to skeletonization of small carcasses. The domestic pig carcasses showed artifacts similar to those found in bodies, at least until they reach the beginning of the initial stage of deterioration, when the activity of the flies hampered his observation. / Este trabalho foi realizado em cad?veres humanos e em carca?as animais, com o objetivo de descrever as les?es e avaliar a evolu??o desses artefatos durante o desenvolvimento do processo de decomposi??o. Os cad?veres humanos foram examinados na cena do crime e no necrot?rio. Dois tipos de carca?as foram avaliadas: encontradas acidentalmente e intencionalmente expostas ? atividade de formigas. A coleta de dados relativa aos corpos durou um ano, no Rio de Janeiro e no Amazonas e a relativa ?s carca?as foi realizada em julho, por dois anos seguidos, no Rio de Janeiro. Os esp?cimes foram coletados com pin?as e transportados ao laborat?rio fixados em etanol 70%. Foram utilizados tr?s porcos dom?sticos - Sus scrofa, mortos no local, atrav?s de disparo de proj?til de arma de fogo e expostos em ?reas com formigueiros dentro de uma armadilha tipo Shannon modificada, a dist?ncia de 50 metros uma das outras. Quatro armadilhas de solo foram dispostas entorno das armadilha Shannon. Fotografias foram confeccionadas e apenas um ou dois exemplares que causaram os artefatos foram coletados, relacionando-os com as les?es. Os exemplares foram conduzidos para o Laborat?rio de Mirmecologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro para identifica??o taxon?mica. Durante a pesquisa, foram analisados oito casos de cad?veres humanos, nos quais foram observados: a) Subfam?lia Myrmicinae, Tribo Solenopsidini, g?nero Solenopsis spp; b) Camponotus sp.1; c) Camponotus sp.2; d) Camponotus rufipes; e) Pheidole sp. 1; f) Ectatomma sp.1; g) Cephalotes atratus; h) Crematogaster sp.1; i) formigas pequenas n?o identificadas. Por?m, apenas o primeiro t?xon foi encontrado associado aos cad?veres do IML. Associados ?s carca?as animais foram encontrados: a) Solenopsis sp.1; b) Pheidole sp.1; c) Brachymyrmex sp.1; d) Wasmannia sp.1; e) Ectatomma lugens; sendo esta ?ltima associada ? carca?a animal encontrada acidentalmente. Dentre todas as esp?cies coletadas, Ectatomma sp.1, Brachymyrmex sp.1 e Wasmannia sp.1 n?o foram observadas causando artefatos. As les?es encontradas podem ser descritas como serpentiformes, pontuadas, apresentando colora??o que variava do amarelo at? o marrom escuro. Elas apresentavam remo??o de pele superficial como arranh?es que, em alguns casos, evolu?ram at? a remo??o dos tecidos subjacentes. Em alguns casos, o destacamento da epiderme formou um amontoado de pele similar ?queles observados em cad?veres em est?gio de decomposi??o mais avan?ados. As mand?bulas das formigas produziram les?es nos vasos superficiais causando sangramento p?s-morte. Tamb?m foram observadas les?es qu?micas similares a les?es intra vitam produzidas por queimadura de ?cido e/ou cigarro. Nas les?es provocadas por Solenopsis sp. foi poss?vel tra?ar as trilhas de forrageamento evidenciadas pelo ?cido f?rmico, bem como pelo ac?mulo de sujeira, indicando a tentativa das formigas fecharem estas les?es p?s-morte. Foi verificado que as formigas podem levar a esqueletiza??o de carca?as de pequeno porte. As carca?as de porco dom?stico apresentaram artefatos similares ?queles encontrados em corpos humanos, pelo menos at? alcan?arem o in?cio do est?gio de deteriora??o inicial, quando a atividade dos d?pteros dificultou sua observa??o.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/2261 |
| Date | 27 March 2014 |
| Creators | CELINO, Thiago Blanc |
| Contributors | Nunes, Antonio Jos? Mahy?, Costa, Janyra Oliveira, Nunes, Antonio Jos? Mayh?, Ururhay-Rodrigues, Alexandre, Queiroz, Margareth Maria de Carvalho |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biologia Animal, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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