The loss of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) due to damage caused by abiotic stresses (water deficit and allelopathy) are recurrent, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of rice plants through agronomic and morphological changes under different layers of water in the soil (LAS) of 100%, 70%, 50% and 30% of field capacity (CC), and to identify the anatomical and physiological changes in plant in LAS 100% and 50% of CC, Induced by PGPR (Burkholderia pyrrocinia BRM-32113 and Pseudomonas fluorescens BRM-32111), that indicate the mitigating effect of the damages caused by the water deficit. And in plantings with residue of
rice plants in the soil was to identify and understand the effect of the application of rhizobacteria on highland rice plants in consecutive plantations. Test one, The PGPR were subjected to temperature abiotic stresses (30, 35, 40 oC), salinity (0.5%, 7.5%), and water deficit (0, -0.2, - 0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, -1.2 Mpa) simulated by PEG with 10 replicates and evaluated the growth. Test two, the rice plants inoculated with: BRM-32111, BRM-32113 and control, were submitted the LAS of: 100, 70, 50 and 30% of CC, with three pots per treatment and five plants per pot. were evaluated: evapotranspirated water and water potential (ψam), biomass and length
of plant and root, leaf area and relative chlorophyll content. Test three, plants Control, inoculated with BRM-32111 and BRM-32113, submitted to 100% and 50% of CC, and maintained for 28 days, and evaluated growth, physiology and anatomy. Test four, were used four treatments consisting of seed rice inoculated with P. fluorescens BRM-32111 in soil with residue, B. pyrrocinia BRM-32113 in soil with residue, plants control in soil with residue (CR)and plants control on soil without residue (SR) roots of plants rice (residues of Allelochemicals), the essay were in (DIC), and results submitted to ANOVA, Duncan's test (p <0.05). Test one, It was verified that PGPR were tolerant to abiotic stresses of: salinity (80%), temperature (96%) and dry (96%), test two, plants have reached the critical LAS of up to 63% of CC, plants with BRM-32111 had the effect of reducing the damage caused by the water deficit, In biomass 30%, root length 88% in LAS of 30% CC when compared to control plants. Test three, The seeds with BRM-32111 differed from the control in germination, and with BRM 32113 differed from the control in IVG. The plants inoculated with BRM 32111 and BRM32113
had a smaller reduction in root diameter, number of protoxilema pores, cortex thickness, and increase in density of stomata, and increase in carbon assimilation rate (A), efficiency of water use (EUA), carboxylation efficiency rubisco (A / Ci), higher accumulation of chlorophyll a, proline and reduction in the concentration of malonic aldehyde (MDA), in relation to control plants submitted to the same LAS. Test four, the growth of seedlings and plants control rice (CR) was negatively affected by allelopathic compounds. In sowing with residue, plants inoculated with rhizobacteria P. fluorescens BRM-32111 and B. pyrrocinia BRM-32113
induced an increase of 88% in biomass, 3% in the leaf area, 40% and 67% in length and root biomass, respectively, 21% in chlorophyll a, 50% in A, and 63% in the EUA compared to CR control plants CR. These results, evidences that the rhizobacteria are tolerant to the temperature stresses, salinity and osmotic pressure and help to alleviate the harmful effect caused by the water deficit, and increase tolerance of rice plants to stress with allelochemicals in upland rice. / A perda na produtividade de plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) devido aos danos causados por estresses abioticos (déficit hídrico e alelopatia) são recorrentes, o objetico foi avaliar o comportamento de plantas de arroz através das alterações agronômicas e morfológicas sob diferentes lâminas de água no solo (LAS) de 100%, 70 %, 50% e 30 % da capacidade de campo (CC), e identificar as modificações anatômicas e fisiológicos em planta em LAS de 100 % e 50 % da CC induzidas por PGPR (Burkholderia pyrrocinia BRM-32113 e Pseudomonas fluorescens BRM-32111), que indiquem o efeito mitigador dos danos causados pelo déficit hídrico. E em plantios com resíduo de plantas do arroz no solo foi identificar e compreender o efeito da aplicação de rizobactérias em plantas de arroz de terras altas em plantios consecutivos. No primeiro ensaio, as PGPR foram submetidas aos estresses abióticos de temperatura (30, 35 e 40 oC), salinidade (0.5 % e 7.5%) e déficit hídrico (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0 e -1.2 Mpa) simulado por PEG com 10 repetições e avaliado o crescimento. No segundo ensaio, as plantas de arroz inoculadas com: BRM-32111, BRM-32113 e controle, foram submetidas as LAS de: 100, 70, 50 e 30 % da CC, com três vasos por tratamento e cinco plantas por vaso. Foram avaliados: água evapotranspirada e potencial hídrico (ψam), biomassa e comprimento da planta e raiz, área foliar, teor relativo de clorofila. No terceiro ensaio, foram usadas plantas controle, inoculadas com BRM-32111 e BRM-32113, submetidas a 100% e 50% da CC, e mantido até aos 28 dias, e avaliado crescimento, fisiologia e anatomia. No quarto ensaio, foram utilizados quatro tratamentos constituídos de sementes de arroz inoculados com P. fluorescens BRM32111 em solo com resíduo, com B. pyrrocinia BRM-32113 em solo com resíduo e plantas controle em solo com resíduo (CR) e plantas controle em solo sem resíduo (SR) de raízes de plantas de arroz (resíduos de Aleloquímicos), todos os ensaios foram em DIC, e os resultados submetidos ANOVA, teste de Duncan (p < 0.05). No primeiro ensaio, verificou - se que as PGPR foram tolerantes aos estresses abióticos de: salinidade (80%), temperatura (96%) e seca (96%), no segundo ensaio, as plantas atingiram a LAS crítica de até 63 % da CC, as plantas com BRM-32111 tiveram os efeitos amenizador aos danos causado pelo déficit hídrico, na biomassa 30%, comprimento da raiz 88% em LAS de 30% de CC quando comparados a plantas controle. No terceiro ensaio, as sementes com BRM-32111 diferiram do controle na germinação, e com BRM 32113 diferiram do controle no IVG. As plantas inoculadas com BRM 32111 e BRM-32113 tiveram menor redução no diâmetro radicular, número de poros de protoxilema, espessura do córtex, e aumento na densidade de estômatos, e aumento em taxa de assimilação de carbono (A), eficiência do uso da água (EUA) e eficiência de carboxilação da rubisco (A / Ci), maior acumulo de clorofila a, prolina e redução na concentração de aldeído malônico (MDA), em relação a plantas controle submetidas a mesma LAS. No quarto ensaio, o crescimento de plântulas e plantas de arroz controle (CR) foi afetado negativamente pelos compostos alelopáticos. Em semeio com resíduo, plantas inoculadas com as rizobactérias P. fluorescens BRM-32111 e B. pyrrocinia BRM-32113 induziram aumento em 88% na biomassa,
3% na área foliar, 40% e 67% no comprimento e biomassa radicular, respectivamente, 21% na clorofila a, 50% na A, e 63% no EUA comparado as plantas controle CR. Estes resultados, evidenciam que as rizobactérias são tolerantes aos estresses de temperatura, salinidade e pressão osmótica e auxiliam na amenização do efeito danosos causados pelo déficit hídrico, e aumentam a tolerância de plantas de arroz ao estresse com aleloquímicos no arroz de terras altas
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufra.edu.br:123456789/504 |
| Date | 01 January 2017 |
| Creators | RÊGO, Marcela Cristiane Ferreira |
| Contributors | SILVA, Gisele Barata da |
| Publisher | UFRA |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRA, instname:Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, instacron:UFRA |
| Rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/, info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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