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Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This study aimed to analyze the phytoremediation potential of Eichhornia crassipes in
natural environments, optimize the extraction process of crude protein from plant tissue and,
obtain and characterize this process in order to determine its viability of use instead of the
protein sources of animal and/or human feed. For this, it has been determined in
Apodi/Mossor? river water the concentration of ammonium ions, nitrite, nitrate, calcium,
magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, cobalt, sodium, aluminum,
c?dmium, lead, and total chromium; It was determined in plant tissue of aquatic macrophytes
of Eichhornia crassipes species present in Apodi/Mossor? River the moisture content, ash,
calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, cobalt, sodium,
aluminum, cadmium, lead, total chromium, total nitrogen and crude protein. It was also
determined the translocation factor and bioaccumulation of all the quantified elements; It was
developed and optimized the extraction procedure of crude protein based on the isoelectric
method and a factorial design 24 with repetition; It was extracted and characterized the extract
obtained by determining the moisture content, ash, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper,
manganese, zinc, nickel, cobalt, sodium, cadmium, total nitrogen and crude protein. And
finally, it was also characterized the protein extract using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG),
Derived Thermogravimetric (DTG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Infrared
Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and jelly-like electrophoresis of polyacrylamide (SDS -PAGE) to assess
the their molecular weights/mass. Thus, from the results obtained for the translocation and
bioaccumulation factors was found that the same can be used as phytoremediation agent in
natural environments of all quantified elements. It was also found that the developed method
of extraction and protein precipitation was satisfactory for the purpose of the work, which
gave the best conditions of extraction and precipitation of proteins as: pH extraction equal to
13.0, extraction temperature equals 60 ? C, reaction time equals to 30 minutes, and pH
precipitation equals to 4.0. As for the extract obtained, the total nitrogen and crude protein
were quantified higher than those found in the plant, increasing the crude protein content
approximately 116.88% in relation to the quantified contente in the vegetal tissue of
macrophyte. The levels of nickel and cadmium were the unique that were found below the
detection limit of used the equipment. The electrophoretic analysis allowed us to observe that
the protein extract obtained is composed of low polypeptide chains by the molecular and
phytochelatins, with 6 and 15 kDa bands. Analysis of TG, DTG, DSC and FT-IR showed
similarities in protein content of the obtained extracts based on different collection points and
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parts of the plant under study, as well as commercial soy protein and casein. Finally, based on
all these findings, it was concluded that the obtained extract in this work can be used instead
of the protein sources of animal feed should, before that, test its digestibility. As human
supplementation, it is necessary to conduct more tests associated with the optimization
process in the sense of removing undesirable components and constant monitoring of the
water body and the raw material used / Este trabalho analisou o potencial fitorremediador da Eichhornia crassipes em
ambientes naturais, otimizou o processo de extra??o da prote?na bruta do tecido vegetal e
obteve e caracterizou a mesma, determinando sua viabilidade de uso em substitui??o as fontes
prot?icas de ra??es animais e/ou humana. Para isso, determinou-se na ?gua do Rio
Apodi/Mossor? a concentra??o de ?ons am?nio, nitrito, nitrato, c?lcio, magn?sio, pot?ssio,
ferro, cobre, mangan?s, zinco, n?quel, cobalto, s?dio, alum?nio, c?dmio, chumbo e cromo
total; Determinou-se no tecido vegetal das macr?fitas aqu?ticas da esp?cie Eichhornia
crassipes presentes no Rio Apodi/Mossor? o teor de umidade, cinzas, nitrog?nio total e
prote?na bruta e os mesmos metais determinados na ?gua. Calculou-se o fator de transloca??o
e bioacumula??o de todos os elementos quantificados; Desenvolveu-se e otimizou-se o
procedimento de extra??o da prote?na bruta utilizando como base o m?todo isoel?trico e um
planejamento fatorial 24 com repeti??o; Extraiu-se e caracterizou-se o extrato obtido atrav?s
da determina??o o teor de umidade, cinzas, nitrog?nio total e prote?na bruta e os mesmos
metais determinados na ?gua. E, por fim, caracterizou-se tamb?m o extrato proteico utilizando
An?lise Termogravim?trica (TG), Termogravimetria derivada (DTG), Calorimetria
Explorat?ria Diferencial (DSC), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho (FT-IR) e Eletroforese em
gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) para avaliar as suas massas molares. Desta forma, a partir
dos resultados obtidos para os fatores de transloca??o e bioacumula??o constatou-se que a
mesma pode ser utilizada como agente fitorremediador em ambientes naturais de todos os
elementos quantificados. Constatou-se ainda que o m?todo desenvolvido de extra??o e
precipita??o de prote?nas foi satisfat?rio para o objetivo do trabalho, onde obteve-se as
melhores condi??es de extra??o e precipita??o das prote?nas como sendo: pH de extra??o
igual a 13,0; temperatura de extra??o igual a 60?C; tempo de rea??o igual a 30 minutos; e pH
de precipita??o igual a 4,0. Quanto ao extrato obtido, os teores de nitrog?nio total e prote?na
bruta quantificados foram superiores aos encontrados na planta, chegando a aumentar o teor
de prote?na bruta cerca de 116,88% em rela??o ao teor quantificado no tecido vegetal da
macr?fita. Os teores de n?quel e o c?dmio foram os ?nicos que se apresentaram abaixo do
limite de detec??o do equipamento utilizado. A an?lise eletrofor?tica permitiu observar que o
extrato proteico obtido ? constitu?do de cadeias polipept?dicas de baixo peso molecular e
fitoquelatinas, com bandas de 6 e 15 kDa. As an?lises de TG, DTG, DSC e FT-IR permitiram
constatar semelhan?as existentes no conte?do proteico dos extratos obtidos a partir de
diferentes pontos de coleta e partes da planta em estudo, bem como da prote?na de soja
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comercial e da case?na. Por fim, com base em todas essas constata??es, conclui-se que o
extrato obtido no presente trabalho pode ser utilizado em substitui??o ?s fontes proteicas de
ra??es animais devendo, antes disso, ser testado a sua digestibilidade. Quanto a
suplementa??o humana, ? preciso a realiza??o de mais testes associados a otimiza??o do
processo no sentido de remo??o dos componentes indesej?veis e constante monitoramento do
corpo h?drico e da mat?ria-prima utilizada
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/17791 |
| Date | 24 February 2014 |
| Creators | Martins, Daniel Freitas Freire |
| Contributors | CPF:31482015404, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2959800336802498, Santos, Klecia Morais dos, CPF:00836353439, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7924455214362992, Souza, Luiz Di, CPF:01925100880, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0589648773241934, Fernandes, Nedja Suely, CPF:44420773472, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9563490368583906, Batista, Rafael Oliveira, CPF:03523193648, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6747258062404427, Castro, Suely Souza Leal de, CPF:05705753896, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860381828526444, Moura, Maria de F?tima Vit?ria de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, UFRN, BR, F?sico-Qu?mica; Qu?mica |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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