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Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O atual modelo de desenvolvimento predominante na sociedade global ? ditado por uma
racionalidade econ?mica que p?e em risco meio ambiente e justi?a social. Cada vez mais se
tem despertado para os riscos dessa forma de produ??o e consumo, impulsionando a busca pelo
desenvolvimento sustent?vel, com uma racionalidade ambiental que concilie as atividades
humanas com preserva??o da natureza e bem estar de todas as classes socioecon?micas. Um
dos esfor?os nesse sentido ? a altera??o da matriz que atende ? demanda energ?tica, substituindo
combust?veis f?sseis por fontes renov?veis e mais limpas, como os biocombust?veis. Carthamus
tinctorius (c?rtamo) ? uma planta oleaginosa com potencial para produ??o de biodiesel, com
bom rendimento e perfil qu?mico de ?leo aliados ? boa adapta??o a climas como o do semi?rido
nordestino. Com fomento de pol?ticas p?blicas, o uso da esp?cie pode ser alternativa
interessante ? agricultura familiar. Na agricultura em geral ? comum o uso de agrot?xicos para
prevenir e combater doen?as e pragas, pr?tica n?o sustent?vel. Por isso, investiga-se o uso de
subst?ncias alternativas menos danosas. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar se o extrato foliar de
nim (Azadirachta indica) (20% m/v) e a calda bordalesa (sulfato de cobre) exercem efeitos na
esp?cie do c?rtamo. Objetivou-se tamb?m verificar a aceitabilidade da cultura entre agricultores
do munic?pio de Apodi-RN, tendo em vista situarem-se na regi?o-alvo para o cultivo da esp?cie,
al?m da compreens?o de que seu conhecimento e disposi??o para adotar a cultura ? fundamental
para a introdu??o da esp?cie e crescimento socioecon?mico associado ? sua explora??o. Al?m
disso, foi elaborada uma cartilha informativa sobre o c?rtamo. No experimento em campo, os
referidos fungicidas alternativos foram pulverizados em plantas cultivadas em parcelas
experimentais, havendo coleta de folhas para an?lise de anatomia, cut?cula foliar e morfologia
da cera epicuticular, camada protetora que faz a interface planta-ambiente. Em Apodi, 45
agricultores da Cooperativa Potiguar de Apicultura e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustent?vel
(COOPAPI) passaram por entrevistas semiestruturadas, abordando tamb?m a avalia??o das
esp?cies atualmente cultivadas e a percep??o do uso de agrot?xicos e alternativas sustent?veis.
Ap?s compara??o por an?lise de vari?ncia, constatou-se que n?o houve diferen?a entre
tratamentos no experimento, tamb?m n?o sendo observadas modifica??es anat?micas ou
morfol?gicas. A aceita??o do c?rtamo entre agricultores foi ampla, com 84% dos entrevistados
acreditando na perspectiva de lucratividade. O cen?rio atual, com pouca diversidade de culturas,
fr?gil ante estiagens e pragas, pode explicar parcialmente essa opini?o. A cartilha elaborada foi
bastante eficaz em chamar aten??o das pessoas para o potencial da esp?cie. Houve amplo
reconhecimento da import?ncia dos defensivos alternativos, justificados pela seguran?a ?
sa?de. Com base no aspecto avaliado nos resultados da pesquisa, os tratamentos podem ser
recomendados para uso como fungicidas em c?rtamo. Com a suscetibilidade da cultura aos
fungos em per?odo chuvoso, aconselha-se que sua potencial introdu??o na regi?o se concentre
no semi?rido. / The currently main development model on global society is driven by an economic
rationality that endangers the environment and social justice. More and more, attention to this
way of production and consumption is increasing, boosting research for sustainable
development, with an environmental rationality that can harmonize nature preservation and
welfare of all socioeconomic classes. One of the efforts on this sense is changing the sources
supplying the energy demand, replacing fossil fuels for renewable and cleaner sources, such as
biofuels. Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) is an oilseed crop with potential for biodiesel
production, with good oil yield and chemical profile, allied to good adaptation to climates such
like the northeastern semiarid lands of Brazil. With public policies fomentation, the use of this
species may be an interesting alternative for family farming. In farming in general, the use of
pesticides to prevent and combat diseases and plagues is common, which is not a sustainable
practice. Thus, there are researched alternative, less dangerous substances. In this study, it was
aimed to assess if neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract (20% m/v) and Bordeaux mixture
(copper sulfate) have effects on safflower. It was also aimed to verify acceptance of farmers on
safflower crop in Apodi, a municipality in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, in view of it being
localized in the aimed region for this crop cultivation. Besides that, understanding that the
farmers? knowledge and inclination to adopt the crop is fundamental for the introduction of this
species and socioeconomic growth due to its exploration. In addition, a booklet with basic
information on safflower was produced. In the field experiment, the fungicides were pulverized
on plants cultivated in field experimental plots, with collection of leaf samples for analysis on
anatomy, cuticle, and epicuticular wax morphology, the protective layer that interfaces with the
surrounding ambient. In Apodi, forty-five farmers from Potiguar Cooperative of Apiculture and
Sustainable Rural Development (COOPAPI) underwent semi-structured interviews, which also
addressed their assessment on currently cultivated crops and perception of pesticide uses and
sustainable alternatives. After comparing using analysis of variance, it was found that there was
no difference between treatments in the experiment, as well as no anatomical or morphological
modifications. Safflower acceptation among farmers was wide, with 84% of interviewees
believing in a perspective of good incomes. The current scenario, comprised of low crop
diversity, fragile in face of droughts and plagues, can partially explain this opinion. The booklet
was effective in catching people attention for the species potential. There was wide
acknowledgement on the importance of alternative pesticides, justified by health security.
Based on the assessed parameter in the results of this research, the treatments here utilized may
be recommended as fungicides for safflower. Given the crop susceptibility to fungi in heavy
rainy period, it is advised that its potential introduction on the region shall be focused on
semiarid areas.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/19854 |
| Date | 20 February 2015 |
| Creators | Sousa, Emanuel Ara?jo de Macedo |
| Contributors | 26948390889, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0727435909982933, Costa, Ivaneide Alves Soares da, 27471934468, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2971840301895348, Alencar, Renato Dantas, 67279643434, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4545068735002368, Lichston, Juliana Espada |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PROGRAMA REGIONAL DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM DESENVOLVIMENTO E MEIO AMBIENTE - PRODEMA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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