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Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A explora??o de petr?leo ? uma das mais importantes atividades industriais da sociedade moderna e apesar de seus derivados apresentarem in?meras aplica??es em rela??o aos processos industriais, existem muitos subprodutos indesej?veis durante esse processo, um deles ? a ?gua separada do petr?leo, denominada ?gua de produ??o, que ? constitu?da por poluentes de dif?cil degrada??o. Al?m disso, o elevado volume de ?gua gerado torna seu tratamento um grande problema para as ind?strias petrol?feras. Dentre os principais contaminantes desses efluentes est?o o fenol e seus derivados, subst?ncias de dif?cil degrada??o natural que devido ao poder t?xico, devem ser removidos por um processo de tratamento antes de sua disposi??o final. Com o intuito de viabilizar a remo??o de fenol em ?guas residuais da ind?stria petrol?fera foi desenvolvido um sistema de extra??o por flocula??o i?nica com tensoativo. A flocula??o i?nica baseia-se na rea??o de tensoativo carboxilado com c?lcio originando um tensoativo insol?vel, que sob agita??o agrega-se formando flocos capazes de atrair a mat?ria org?nica atrav?s da adsor??o. No presente trabalho, utilizou-se sab?o base como tensoativo na flocula??o i?nica e avaliou-se a efici?ncia do processo pela influ?ncia dos seguintes par?metros: concentra??o de tensoativo, fenol, c?lcio e eletr?litos, velocidade de agita??o, tempo de repouso, temperatura e pH. A flocula??o do tensoativo se deu no pr?prio efluente (concentra??o inicial de fenol = 100 ppm,) e a efici?ncia de remo??o alcan?ou 65% de remo??o, utilizando concentra??es de tensoativo e c?lcio de 1300 e 975 ppm, respectivamente em T = 35 ?C, pH = 9,7, velocidade de agita??o = 100 rpm e tempo de contato de 5 minutos. A perman?ncia dos flocos em meio aquoso promove a dessor??o do fenol da superf?cie do floco para a solu??o, atingindo 90% de dessor??o em um tempo de 150 minutos, e o estudo da cin?tica de dessor??o mostrou que o modelo de Lagergren de pseudo-primeira ordem foi adequado para descrever a dessor??o do fenol. Estes resultados mostram que o processo avaliado pode configurar uma nova alternativa para o tratamento no que se refere a remo??o de fenol de efluentes aquosos da ind?stria de petr?leo. / Oil exploration is one of the most important industrial activities of modern society. Despite its derivatives present numerous applications in industrial processes, there are many undesirable by-products during this process, one of them is water separated from oil, called water production, it is constituted by pollutants difficult to degrade. In addition, the high volume of generated water makes its treatment a major problem for oil industries. Among the major contaminants of such effluents are phenol and its derivatives, substances of difficult natural degradation, which due their toxicity must be removed by a treatment process before its final disposal. In order to facilitate the removal of phenol in wastedwater from oil industry, it was developed an extraction system by ionic flocculation with surfactant. The ionic flocculation relies on the reaction of carboxylate surfactant and calcium ?ons, yielding in an insoluble surfactant that under stirring, aggregates forming floc capable of attracting the organic matter by adsorption. In this work was used base soap as ionic surfactant in the flocculation process and evaluated phenol removal efficiency in relation to the following parameters: surfactant concentration, phenol, calcium and electrolytes, stirring speed, contact time, temperature and pH. The flocculation of the surfactant occurred in the effluent (initial phenol concentration = 100 ppm) reaching 65% of phenol removal to concentrations of 1300 ppm and calcium of 1000 ppm, respectively, at T = 35 ?C, pH = 9.7, stirring rate = 100 rpm and contact time of 5 minutes. The permanence of the flocs in an aqueous medium promotes desorption of the phenol from the flake surface to the solution, reaching 90% of desorption at a time of 150 minutes, and the study of desorption kinetics showed that Lagergren model of pseudo-first order was adequate to describe the phenol desorption. These results shows that the process may configure a new alternative of treatment in regard the removal of phenol of aqueous effluent of oil industry.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/21046 |
| Date | 29 January 2016 |
| Creators | Cavalcante, Paula Romyne de Morais |
| Contributors | 59545844434, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2811639726261017, Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino, 05641284491, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2174051551046465, Peres, Antonio Eduardo Clark, 04457641634, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8666548473150908, Melo, Ricardo Paulo Fonseca, 00000000000, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2188795979320167, Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA QU?MICA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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