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Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / ?No Brasil s?o gerados diversos tipos de subprodutos e res?duos agroindustriais como: baga?o de ped?nculo de caju, baga?o de cana-de-a??car, baga?o de coco e outros. A disposi??o final desses res?duos, ou seja, sua elimina??o causa s?rios problemas ambientais. Apesar de uma parte ser utilizada para fins diversos, uma grande quantidade ainda permanece sem utiliza??o. Neste sentido, os res?duos de conte?do lignocelul?sico, como a casca do coco verde, constituem uma mat?ria-prima renov?vel e abundante cujo aproveitamento ? desej?vel e tem provocado um interesse crescente para o uso na cadeia de produ??o de etanol de 2? gera??o. Neste trabalho foi utilizada como mat?ria-prima a casca de coco verde, a qual foi submetida a dois pr?-tratamentos com o objetivo de melhorar a acessibilidade das enzimas ? celulose. Os pr?-tratamentos aplicados ao baga?o de coco foram: ?cido/Alcalino utilizando H2SO4 0,6M e, em seguida, NaOH 1M e, o pr?-tratamento com Per?xido de Hidrog?nio Alcalino (PHA) a uma concentra??o de 7,35% (v/v) e pH 11,5. O objetivo principal do estudo em quest?o, foi avaliar a influ?ncia do biossurfactante (ramnolip?deo produzido pela Pseudomonas aeruginosa), durante a hidr?lise da casca de coco verde. Para efeito de compara??o, foram realizadas hidr?lises utilizando surfactante qu?mico, nesse caso o Triton X-100, e hidr?lises sem adi??o de surfactantes. Dessa forma, observou-se que, com a aplica??o de ambos os pr?-tratamentos, foi poss?vel atingir uma maior convers?o de celulose ao comparar com o material in natura. No entanto, ao analisar os resultados obtidos para o processo de hidr?lise com a aplica??o de surfactantes, verificou-se que o ramnolip?deo produzido melhora, consideravelmente, a convers?o celul?sica da casca de coco verde, atingindo uma convers?o de 33% ap?s 72 horas de hidr?lise, enquanto que, a convers?o m?xima atingida com o uso do Triton X-100 foi de 23%. Esses resultados mostram que o biossurfactante pode ser aplicado na hidr?lise enzim?tica de materiais lignocelul?sicos, de modo a apresentar uma boa influ?ncia no processo.? / In Brazil many types of bioproducts and agroindustrial waste are generated currently, such as cacashew apple bagasse and coconut husk, for example. The final disposal of these wastes causes serious environmental issues. In this sense, waste lignocellulosic content, as the shell of the coconut is a renewable and abundant raw material in which its use has an increased interest mainly for the 2nd generation ethanol production. The hydrolysis of cellulose to reducing sugars such as glucose and xylose is catalysed by a group of enzymes called cellulases. However, the main bottleneck in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is the significant deactivation of the enzyme that shows irreversible adsorption mechanism leading to reduction of the cellulose adsorption onto cellulose. Studies have shown that the use of surfactants can modify the surface property of the cellulose therefore minimizing the irreversible binding. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of chemical and biological surfactants during the hydrolysis of coconut husk which was subjected to two pre-treatment in order to improve the accessibility of the enzymes to the cellulose, removing this way, part of the lignin and hemicellulose present in the structure of the material. The pre-treatments applied to coconut bagasse were: Acid/Alkaline using 0.6M H2SO4 followed by 1M NaOH, and the one with Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide at a concentration of 7.35% (v/v) and pH 11.5. Both the material no treatment and pretreated were characterized using analysis of diffraction X-ray (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and methods established by NREL. The influence of both surfactants, chemical and biological, was used at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and the concentrations equal to the CMC. The application of pre-treatment with coconut residue was efficient for the conversion to glucose, as well as for the production of total reducing sugars, it was possible to observe that the pretreatment fragmented the structure as well as disordered the fibers. Regarding XRD analysis, a significant increase in crystallinity index was observed for pretreated bagasse acid/alkali (51.1%) compared to the no treatment (31.7%), while that for that treated with PHA, the crystallinity index was slightly lower, around 29%. In terms of total reducing sugars it was not possible to observe a significant difference between the hydrolysis carried out without the use of surfactant compared to the addition of Triton and rhamnolipid. However, by observing the conversions achieved during the hydrolysis, it was noted that the best conversion was using the rhamnolip?d for the husk pretreated with acid/alkali, reaching a value of 33%, whereas using Triton the higher conversion was 23.8%. The coconut husk is a residue which can present a high potential to the 2nd generation ethanol production, being the rhamonolipid a very efficient biosurfactant for use as an adjuvant in the enzymatic process in order to act on the material structure reducing its recalcitrance and therefore improving the conditions of access for enzymes to the substrate increasing thus the conversion of cellulose to glucose.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/21179 |
| Date | 18 March 2016 |
| Creators | Ara?jo, Cynthia K?rzia Costa de |
| Contributors | 87510383404, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4330639792072559, Gon?alves, Fabiano Avelino, 95795073172, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4600955286343582, Sousa J?nior, Francisco Canind? de, 04925544470, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3721560802857426, Macedo, Gorete Ribeiro de, Santos, Everaldo Silvino dos |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA QU?MICA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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