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Previous issue date: 2016-05-23 / A deposi??o de parafinas ? um problema cr?tico na ind?stria do petr?leo, pois pode influenciar de maneira crucial as opera??es de produ??o e transporte. Apesar da diversidade de t?cnicas de remedia??o, as utilizadas atualmente apresentam problemas e limita??es na sua aplica??o devido aos mais diversos cen?rios encontrados. As microemuls?es apresentam elevado potencial de solubiliza??o, entretanto h? uma escassez de trabalhos voltados para a sua aplica??o na remo??o de parafinas. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver sistemas microemulsionados (ME) ?leo em ?gua (O/A) visando a remo??o de dep?sitos paraf?nicos. V?rias formula??es para quatro diferentes sistemas microemulsionados O/A foram avaliadas. Esses sistemas foram constitu?dos por: ALK-L90, como tensoativo; n-butanol, como co-tensoativo; ?gua destilada; e como fase ?leo, quatro diferentes solventes, querosene, xileno, diesel e a mistura querosene-xileno. Os sistemas foram caracterizados quanto ao equil?brio de fases, tamanho de part?cula, tens?o superficial e reologia. Estudos de molhabilidade da superf?cie paraf?nica a esses sistemas e do comportamento reol?gico dos sistemas ME contendo parafina, submetidos ? diferentes temperaturas, foram realizados com a finalidade de avaliar a intera??o fluido-parafina. Uma metodologia para avaliar a efici?ncia de remo??o de parafinas em dutos foi desenvolvida e empregada na avalia??o do desempenho dos sistemas propostos. Os resultados mostraram que os componentes qu?micos utilizados favoreceram a forma??o de microemuls?es O/A, do tipo Winsor IV. Os ensaios de molhabilidade confirmaram a elevada capacidade de intera??o entre os sistemas ME obtidos e a parafina. Sistemas ME com parafina apresentam comportamentos bighamiano e newtoniano, com boa capacidade de bombeamento devido aos baixos valores de viscosidade e de tens?o inicial de escoamento. A efici?ncia de remo??o (ER) dos sistemas ME O/A foi compar?vel e, em alguns casos, superior ? dos solventes puros, apesar do elevado percentual de ?gua. A modelagem e an?lise estat?stica dos dados experimentais de remo??o geraram modelos capazes de descrever e estimar a ER em fun??o da composi??o do sistema ME, bem como entender o seu mecanismo de atua??o. Portanto, os sistemas ME O/A propostos apresentam-se como uma alternativa concreta na remo??o de dep?sitos paraf?nicos, com menor risco ambiental e inflamabilidade que os sistemas convencionais utilizados na ind?stria. / Paraffin deposition is a critical issue in the petroleum industry, since it can crucially affect both transport and production operations. In spite of the diversity of remediation techniques, those currently used may present problems and limitations when applied, due to the great number of different scenarios that can be found. Even though the microemulsions display a high potential for solubilization, the studies related to their application in paraffin removal are very scarce. Thus, this work aimed to develop oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion systems (ME) with high capacity of removing paraffin deposits. Several formulations of four different O/W microemulsion systems were evaluated. The aforementioned systems were composed by: ALK-L90 as surfactant; butan-1-ol as cosurfactant; distilled water; and as oil phase, four different components (kerosene, xylene, diesel and a kerosene-xylene mixture). The systems were characterized regarding phase equilibrium, particle size, surface tension and rheology. Paraffin surface wettability studies related to these systems, as well as studies on the rheological behaviour of each of the ME systems containing paraffin, under different temperatures, were performed aiming to assess the fluid-paraffin interaction. A methodology to evaluate the efficiency of paraffin removal in pipelines was developed and applied for the performance evaluation of each of the proposed systems. The results demonstrated that the chemicals used favoured the formation of Winsor-IV O/W microemulsions. The wettability studies confirmed the high interaction capacity between the ME systems and the paraffin surface. Also, the ME systems with paraffin presented Binghamian and Newtonian behaviors, with a great pumping capacity due to the low values of viscosity and initial flow tension. The removal efficiencies of the O/W ME systems were similar to and, in some cases, even higher than the efficiencies of pure solvents, despite the high water percentage. The statistical analysis and modelling of the experimental data generated models there are able to both describe and estimate the removal efficiency as a function of the ME system composition, as well as to understand its action mechanism. Therefore, the proposed O/W ME systems present a valid alternative in the removal of paraffin deposits, with lower environmental risks and inflammability than the conventional systems used in the industry.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/21425 |
| Date | 23 May 2016 |
| Creators | Aum, Yanne Katiussy Pereira Gurgel |
| Contributors | 07286937391, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0676872399141537, Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino, 05641284491, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2174051551046465, Gurgel, Alexandre, 59721421472, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5266735277153768, Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar, 21414130368, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3613318563806519, Chiavone Filho, Osvaldo, 08580772800, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2621516646153655, Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de, Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro |
| Publisher | PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA QU?MICA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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