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Previous issue date: 2016-01-27 / A principal caracter?stica para que uma produ??o seja considerada sustent?vel ? assumir que a natureza ? finita, evitando-se desta forma o crescimento sem limites. A busca da sustentabilidade na carcinicultura tem sido uma preocupa??o constante dos ?rg?os ambientais. A utiliza??o de probi?ticos tem sido atualmente apontada como uma eficiente forma de tratamento da mat?ria org?nica presente na coluna d??gua e no solo dos viveiros, possibilitando a minimiza??o da utiliza??o de ?gua nos cultivos, que ? um dos requisitos fundamentais para tornar a carcinicultura ambientalmente respons?vel. Os probi?ticos tamb?m atuam como produto natural na profilaxia das enfermidades, promovendo um melhor crescimento dos organismos aqu?ticos cultiv?veis. Dessa forma, a primeira parte desta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de dois probi?ticos comerciais, de diferentes composi??es, sobre o potencial zoot?cnico e resist?ncia a estresse de larvas e p?s-larvas da esp?cie Litopenaeus vannamei cultivadas em escala comercial. A segunda parte investigou as pr?ticas de manejo adotadas pelos micro produtores de camar?o do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte, caracterizando-se tamb?m os aspectos sociais e ambientais da carcinicultura percebidos por esses produtores. Na primeira fase, os cultivos da esp?cie Litopenaeus vannamei tiveram in?cio na fase larval (n?uplio V), com dura??o de 18 dias, quando foram submetidos a dois tratamentos: P1 - probi?tico um; P2 - probi?tico dois. As unidades experimentais consistiram em seis tanques de 15.000 L, com tr?s repeti??es para cada tratamento. Os probi?ticos foram aplicados diariamente conforme recomenda??o dos fabricantes, sendo os par?metros salinidade, temperatura, pH e oxig?nio dissolvido monitorados. As p?s-larvas submetidas ao P2 apresentaram valores m?dios maiores (p < 0,05) para comprimento (em PL 1 e PL 5), pesos ?mido e seco (em PL 5) e percentual de metamorfose (90%) em rela??o ao outro tratamento; as demais vari?veis n?o diferiram. As sobreviv?ncias finais foram 56,4% e 64,9% para p?s-larvas submetidas ao P1 e ao P2, respectivamente. Observou-se que o probi?tico 2 foi mais efetivo na melhoria dos par?metros bi?ticos. Na segunda fase, foram realizadas 27 entrevistas atrav?s de formul?rios semi-estruturados, com produtores do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte. Constatou-se que 85,2% dos produtores s?o homens, com baixa taxa de analfabetismo (3,7%), com renda de 2 a 5 sal?rios m?nimos (44,4%) e que 22,2% t?m a carcinicultura como principal fonte de renda.
Verificou-se que menos de 50% receberam assist?ncia t?cnica no ?ltimo ano e poucas s?o as medidas de biosseguran?a adotadas pelos mesmos. Com rela??o ?s boas pr?ticas de manejo recomendadas pela Associa??o Brasileira de Produtores de Camar?o (ABCC), apenas 11,1% dos carcinicultores fazem uso de probi?ticos e essa vari?vel n?o possui rela??o com a renda mensal familiar ou ainda com as taxas de sobreviv?ncia obtidas nos cultivos. Pr?ticas de manejo como fertiliza??o da ?gua e calagem do solo, assim como questionamentos sobre a problem?tica ambiental tamb?m n?o apresentaram rela??o com a escolaridade, havendo um manejo homog?neo entre os entrevistados. As micro propriedades produtoras de camar?o, representativas da regi?o do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte, apontam a necessidade de orienta??o e apoio do governo e da devida assist?ncia t?cnica para que possam implementar boas pr?ticas de manejo, de forma a se adequar ? carcinicultura respons?vel recomendada pela ABCC. / The main feature for a production to be considered sustainable is to assume that nature is finite, avoiding thus the unlimited growth. The search of the sustainability in shrimp farming has been a constant preoccupation of environmental agencies. The use of probiotics have been currently appointed as an efficient means of treating of the organic matter in the water column and ponds soil, allowing to minimize the use of water in farming, which is one of the fundamental requirements to make shrimp farming environmentally responsible. Probiotics also act as a natural product for prophylaxis of diseases, promoting better growth of the cultivable aquatic organisms. Thus, the first part of this research had purpose to evaluate the effects of two commercial probiotics, which different compositions, on the zootecnical potential and resistance to stress of larvae and post-larvae of the species Litopenaeus vannamei in commercial scale. The second part investigated management practices adopted by micro producers of shrimp in the southern coast Rio Grande do Norte, also characterize the social and environmental aspects of shrimp farming perceived by these producers. In the first phase, In the first phase, the cultivates of the species Litopenaeus vannamei began in the larval stage (nauplius V), with duration of 18 days, this time submitted for two treatments: P1 - probiotic one; P2 - two probiotic. The experimental units consisted of six tanks of 15,000 L, and each treatment had three repetitions. The probiotics were applied daily as recommended by the manufacturers, and the parameters salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen monitored. The post-larvae submitted to P2 had higher mean values (p <0.05) in length (in PL 1 and PL 5), wet and dry weights (PL 5) and metamorphosis percentage (90%) when compared to the other treatment; the other variables did not differ. The final survivals were 56.4% and 64.9% for postlarvae submitted to P1 and P2, respectively. It was observed that the probiotic 2 more effective in the improvement of the biotic parameters. In the second phase, 27 interviews were conducted through of semistructured questionnaires, with producers of the South coast of Rio Grande do Norte. It was found that 85.2% of the producers are men, with low illiteracy rate (3.7%), earning 2 to 5 minimum wages (44.4%) and 22.2% have shrimp farming as main source of income. It was found that less than 50% received technical assistance in the last year and few are the biosecurity measures adopted by them. With regard
to good management practices recommended by the Brazilian Association of Shrimp Farmers (ABCC), only 11.1% of shrimp farmers make to use of probiotics and this variable has no relationship with the monthly family income or with survival rates obtained in cultivation. Management practices such as water fertilizing and soil liming, as well as questions about the environmental problems also not associated with schooling, with a homogeneous management among interviewed. The micro properties producers of shrimp, representative of the region of the South coast of Rio Grande do Norte, point the need of guidance and support of the government and appropriate technical assistance to enable them to implement good management practices, in order to suit the shrimp responsible recommended by the ABCC.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/21504 |
| Date | 27 January 2016 |
| Creators | Costa, Aline Hor?cio da |
| Contributors | 48100676453, Santos, Daniele Bezerra dos, 01212348435, Costa, Ivaneide Alves Soares da, 27471934468, Pontes, Cibele Soares |
| Publisher | PROGRAMA REGIONAL DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM DESENVOLVIMENTO E MEIO AMBIENTE - PRODEMA, UFRN, BR |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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