Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, 2007. / Submitted by Érika Rayanne Carvalho (carvalho.erika@ymail.com) on 2009-09-03T16:59:54Z
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Previous issue date: 2007 / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a evolução clínica da tuberculose em pacientes portadores de HIV/aids em Campo Grande, MS, de 2003 a 2005. Coletaram-se dados secundários em prontuários clínicos de pacientes maiores de 14 anos portadores de HIV/aids com diagnóstico de tuberculose atendidos em uma unidade hospitalar de ensino e referência em doenças infectoparasitárias. Estabeleceu-se o perfil sociodemográfico com base nas variáveis sexo, etnia, município de residência, ambiente de moradia, escolaridade e idade. Identificaram-se os dados clínicos da tuberculose, os resultados dos exames diagnósticos, o tipo e duração do tratamento, os encerramentos de tratamento e as condições clínicas dos pacientes segundo seu comprometimento imunológico. Compararam-se os registros de atendimento provenientes do Sistema de Informação Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM). Os resultados revelaram 66 pacientes portadores de HIV/aids acometidos por tuberculose no período. O tempo decorrido entre o diagnóstico de tuberculose e o de HIV/aids foi de até um ano em 66,6% dos pacientes. Houve predomínio de homens, cor branca, escolaridade de até oito anos, residência em Campo Grande (capital estadual), moradia no meio urbano e idade de 24 a 34 anos. Predominou a apresentação clínica da tuberculose na forma pulmonar. As formas extrapulmonares, incluindo a ganglionar periférica, ocorreram em índices maiores que os esperados. Em fase avançada do comprometimento imunológico, a apresentação clínica mista foi predominante, seguida da pulmonar. Confirmou-se que a modificação da apresentação clínica da tuberculose relaciona-se com a imunossupressão causada por HIV. Apesar das dificuldades em se estabelecer o diagnóstico de tuberculose nesses pacientes, os resultados dos exames se revelaram mutuamente complementares. Houve maior número de pacientes curados com uso simultâneo de anti-retrovirais e com uso regular de terapia antituberculose. Em oito pacientes iniciou-se o tratamento antituberculose com diagnóstico presuntivo, neles se observando com maior freqüência o comprometimento imunológico e a apresentação clínica extrapulmonar. Quatro desses pacientes morreram. No total, 11 pacientes morreram no período de dois anos após início do tratamento da tuberculose, entre eles 10 casos com notificação de aids, sendo que seis desses óbitos ocorreram durante os seis meses iniciais do tratamento. As formas de encerramento identificadas foram cura, abandono, óbito e transferência do local de atendimento. Quanto à vigilância e controle da tuberculose, detectaram-se subnotificações e falhas nos registros, que indicaram como causa de morte a tuberculose. Verificaram-se discordâncias entre os registros dos prontuários e as informações do SINAN-TB. Demonstrou-se a importância do acompanhamento clínico e a necessidade de diagnósticos precoces da tuberculose e da infecção por HIV, de modo a dar início a tratamento adequado e evitar agravamentos e internações. A investigação diagnóstica da tuberculose em infectados por HIV deve ser incentivada nos serviços de saúde, com registros consistentes dos atendimentos. Nos serviços de referência para pacientes portadores de HIV/aids, as ações de vigilância e controle da tuberculose devem ser observadas em todos os atendimentos. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical evolution of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS carriers in Campo Grande, the state capital of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 2003 to 2005. Secondary data were collected from clinical medical records of patients older than 14 years who were HIV/AIDS carriers, had been diagnosed with tuberculosis, and were provided care at a teaching hospital that is also a referral center for infectious and parasitic diseases. The sociodemographic profile of the patients was based on the variables gender, ethnic group, county of residence, residence environment, instructional level, and age. Clinical data on tuberculosis were collected, as was information on the diagnostic tests conducted, type and length of treatment, type of end of treatment, and clinical status according to the degree of immune impairment. The records available from the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Hazards (SINAN) were compared with those from the Information System for Mortality Data (SIM). As many as 66 HIV/AIDS carriers were found to have acquired tuberculosis in the period of study. The dates of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS diagnoses differed by no more than one year in 66.6% of the patients. Male patients predominated, as did white skin, instructional level of up to eight years, residence in Campo Grande, residence in urban areas, and age of 24-34 years. Also predominant was the pulmonary form of tuberculosis. The rates of extrapulmonary forms, including those of peripheral lymph node presentation, were higher than expected. In patients with advanced immune impairment, the pulmonary plus extrapulmonary presentation predominated, followed by the pulmonary form. The findings also corroborated that changes in the clinical presentation of the disease can be related to the immunosuppression caused by HIV. Despite the difficulties in diagnosing tuberculosis in these patients, the exams were found to be mutually complementary. In most patients, cure was obtained with the concomitant use of antiretrovirals and antituberculosis drugs. Based on presumptive diagnosis, antituberculosis treatment was begun in eight patients, among whom immune impairment and extrapulmonary disease were more frequently found. Four of them died. Overall, 11 patients died within two years of tuberculosis treatment, 10 of which were notified cases of AIDS. Six of these deaths occurred within the first six months of treatment. Four reasons for end of treatment were reported in the data sources: cure, dropout, death, and transfer to another health care center. With regard to tuberculosis surveillance and control, underreporting was detected, as were flaws in the records, which mentioned tuberculosis as the cause of death. Disagreements were found between data from medical records and those from the tuberculosis register of SINAN. The findings demonstrate the relevance of clinical follow-up and the need for early diagnosis both of tuberculosis and of HIV infection, so that adequate treatment can be started in order to prevent a decline in the patient's condition and hospitalizations. Diagnostic investigation of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients should be encouraged in health services, and the consistency of records should be improved. In referral services for HIV/AIDS carriers, actions toward the surveillance and control of tuberculosis should be an integral part of all patient visits and all care procedures provided.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.unb.br:10482/1803 |
| Date | January 2007 |
| Creators | Cheade, Maria de Fátima Meinberg |
| Contributors | Honer, Michael Robin |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, instname:Universidade de Brasília, instacron:UNB |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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