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Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / In spite of fairly practiced, the Children Psychotherapy depends on some very reduced volume of empirical researchers for its valuation about its efficiency. The available studies encompass a variety of topics that among them include: the aspects of therapeutic link, planning of Psychotherapy, criteria of indication, the parents roles, conception and applicability of Psychotherapy, instruments of children valuation, alternative therapies, and so on. The researchers of therapeutic processes are even rarer and restricted about some cases of studying, not always systematized. This work tried make a survey always together with Brazilian children psychotherapists of several theoretical approaches, about the criteria that consider important to check progress, as much in the session as in external ambient in accordance with the family s or school s report. The therapists were contacted by e-mail or they had access to the research in the site of them respective regional council of Psychology and answered to a questionnaire with items composed with positive changing criteria present in the Literature. The sample was composed by 154 therapists that attend to children, 89% of them are girls, with bigger concentration of psychotherapists in Southeast and South regions (42% and 39%) and with an average of 11 years of experience in Children Psychotherapy. About theoretical approach, the most part were psychoanalysts (50%), followed by psychodynamics (27%), behavior cognitivists (19%), humanistic (12%) and 5% of others approaches (transitional, junguiana, psychodrama and systemic analysis). The criteria of changing in the sessions considered outstanding for the most part of the sample were: 3) It demonstrates through games and jokes, their conflicts (78%); 5) It gives demonstrations of confidence with the therapists (74%); 2) It treats about their fear (67%); 10) It establishes an emotional communication with the therapist (67%).In external situations of the sessions ( in accordance to the parents or school s report), criteria were considered very important for the most part of the sample: 1) It presents improvement in the relationships with relatives ( parents, brothers, grandparents)-85%; 3) It presents improvement in the relationships with classmates and teachers (78%); It demonstrates interest in new activities (ex. games, sports, music and others) (62%); 11) It admits their mistakes (60%). The Analysis of Multiple Correlations, including the criteria of changing in session of Children Psychotherapies and the theoretical lapproaches of the participant, suggested that, in spite of the theoretical differences, all the approaches give some value to the session: the jokes, the autonomy, the tolerance, the frustration always in a confidence climate, that is established through an emotional communication with the therapist. And out of the session in accordance to the parents or school s report the items considered more important were those that considered a better child expression getting to be interested in other activities and an improvement in the relationship with other people, that they live with, and mainly with their families. These common criteria take us to the complete approach in Psychotherapy, principally the beginning of the common factors. In spite of the differences among the theoretical approaches, the psychotherapists seem to support on the same criteria to interpret the changing in Children Psychotherapy. / Apesar de largamente praticadas, as psicoterapias de crian?as contam com um volume bastante reduzido de pesquisas emp?ricas para a avalia??o de sua efici?ncia. Os estudos dispon?veis abarcam uma variedade de temas entre os quais incluem: aspectos do v?nculo terap?utico, planejamento da psicoterapia, crit?rios de indica??o, papel dos pais, concep??o e aplicabilidade da psicoterapia, instrumentos de avalia??o infantil, terapias alternativas, entre outros. Quanto ?s pesquisas de processos terap?uticos s?o ainda mais raras e restritas a alguns estudos de casos, nem sempre sistematizados. Este trabalho procurou fazer um levantamento junto a psicoterapeutas de crian?as brasileiros, de v?rias abordagens te?ricas, sobre os crit?rios que consideram relevantes para aferir progresso, tanto dentro da sess?o como no ambiente externo segundo o relato da fam?lia ou da escola. Os terapeutas foram contatados via e-mail ou tiveram acesso ? pesquisa no site de seus respectivos conselhos regionais de psicologia e responderam a um question?rio com itens compostos por crit?rios de mudan?a positiva, presentes na literatura. A amostra foi composta por 154 terapeutas que fazem atendimento psicoter?pico de crian?as, destes 89 % s?o do sexo feminino, com maior concentra??o de psicoterapeutas na regi?o sudeste e sul (42% e 39%) e com uma m?dia de 11 anos de experi?ncia em psicoterapia infantil. Quanto ? abordagem te?rica, a maioria era de psicanalistas (50%), seguidos de psicodin?micos (27%), Comportamental-cognitivistas (19%), Humanista (12%) e 5,% de outras abordagens (an?lise transacional, junguiana, psicodrama e sist?mica). Os crit?rios de mudan?a nas sess?es, considerados muito relevantes pela maior parte da amostra foram: 3- Demonstra, por meio de jogos e brincadeiras, seus conflitos (78%); 5- D? demonstra??es de confian?a no terapeuta (74%); 2- Fala sobre seus medos (67%); 10- Estabelece uma comunica??o afetiva com o terapeuta (67%). Em situa??es externas ?s sess?es (conforme relato dos pais/ou escola), foram considerados crit?rios muito relevantes pela maioria da amostra: 1- Apresenta melhora nos relacionamentos com familiares (pais, irm?os, av?s) (85%); 3 - Apresenta melhora nos relacionamentos com colegas de classe e professores (78%); Demonstra interesse em novas atividades (ex. jogos, esportes, m?sica, dentre outros) (62% ); 11- Admite seus erros (60%).A An?lise de Correspond?ncias M?ltiplas (ACM), envolvendo os crit?rios de mudan?a na sess?o de psicoterapias de crian?a e a abordagem te?rica do participante, sugeriu que, apesar das diferen?as te?ricas as abordagens valorizam na sess?o: a express?o l?dica, a autonomia, a toler?ncia ? frusta??o sempre em um clima de confian?a que ? estabelecida atrav?s de uma comunica??o afetiva com o terapeuta. E fora da sess?o de acordo com relato dos pais ou da escola os itens considerados de maior relev?ncia foram aqueles que contemplaram uma melhor express?o da crian?a, conseguindo se interessar por outras atividades e uma melhora no relacionamento com as pessoas de seu conv?vio e principalmente com sua fam?lia. Estes crit?rios comuns nos remetem ? abordagem integrativa em psicoterapia, principalmente a vertente dos fatores comuns. Isto ?, apesar das diferen?as entre as abordagens te?ricas, os psicoterapeutas parecem se apoiar em crit?rios semelhantes para interpretarem a mudan?a em psicoterapias infantis.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:tede/443 |
| Date | 28 February 2012 |
| Creators | Guimar?es, Lilian Pereira de Medeiros |
| Contributors | Yoshida, Elisa Medici Pizao, Lipp, Marilda Emmanuel Novaes, Prebianchi, Helena Bazanelli, Oliveira, Iran? Tomiatto de, Yamamoto, Kayoko |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia, PUC-Campinas, BR, CCV ? Centro de Ci?ncias da Vida |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_CAMPINAS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, instacron:PUC_CAMP |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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