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Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / INTRODUCTION: Potential threats to homeostasis may occur during the in utero period, promoting programming effects on both neurological development and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. The HPA axis acts as a control and regulatory center of the body that connects the central nervous system to the hormonal system. The axis responds to the stressor stimulus and assists the body to maintain homeostasis, as well as being essential to the normal regulatory physiological functioning. Physically fit and physically active individuals exhibit a lower rate of health problems, especially when faced with stressful situations, contributing to reduced levels of anxiety and depression.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of physical exercise before the gestational period on changes due to prenatal stress in adult mice.
METHODS: Balb/c female and male mice were divided into three groups: control (CTLE), prenatal restraint stress (PNS) and physical exercise before the gestational period and prenatal restraint stress (EX+PNS). The weight of the animals was evaluated during gestation, days 1, 10 and 21 of life and also as adults. Animals were then maintained until adulthood (60 days of life) when fear/anxiety behaviors were evaluated in the elevated plus maze, and depression was evaluated using the preference for sucrose and the ingestion of sucrose test. In addition, real-time PCR gene expression of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRHR1) type 1 receptor in the prefrontal cortex, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptor in the hippocampus, as well as plasmatic concentrations of corticosterone were evaluated.
RESULTS: During gestation, females of the EX+PNS group presented greater weight in relation to the CTLE group. Regarding the offspring weight, animals of the EX+PNS group showed an increase in weight on days 1, 10 and 21 of life, compared to the PNS group. During the adult life, animals stressed in the prenatal period presented lower weight, while the pregestational exercise promoted an increase in the offspring weight in relation to the CTLE group. In relation to behavioral tests, there was a significant decrease in the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in the PNS and EX+PNS groups, in both sexes, demonstrating an increase in fear/anxiety behavior. Prenatal stress increased the preference for sucrose in females and sucrose intake in both sexes. However, exercise promoted a significant decrease in sucrose intake in males and females. CRHR1 expression decreased in the prefrontal cortex of EX+PNS females compared to the PNS group. On the other hand, pregestational exercise was not able to reverse the significant decrease in basal GR concentrations caused by prenatal stress in adult females. There were no significant differences between groups in GR gene expression in males, as well as in MR and corticosterone in both females and males.
CONCLUSION: Physical exercise on the treadmill before the gestational period seems to be able to reduce the effects of prenatal stress on important markers of the HPA axis response in a sex-dependent manner. / INTRODU??O: Potenciais amea?as para a homeostasia podem ocorrer durante a vida in utero, promovendo efeitos de programa??o tanto no desenvolvimento neurol?gico quanto na fun??o do eixo hipot?lamo-pituit?ria-adrenal (HPA). O eixo HPA ? o centro controlador e regulador do organismo que conecta o sistema nervoso central com o sistema hormonal. Este eixo responde ao est?mulo estressor e auxilia o organismo a manter a homeostasia, al?m de ser essencial para auxiliar no funcionamento fisiol?gico normal. Indiv?duos fisicamente aptos e que praticam frequentemente atividades f?sicas exibem um menor ?ndice de problemas de sa?de, especialmente quando se deparam com situa??es de estresse, contribuindo na redu??o dos n?veis de ansiedade e depress?o.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do exerc?cio f?sico antes do per?odo gestacional sobre altera??es decorrentes do estresse pr?-natal em camundongos adultos.
METODOLOGIA: F?meas e machos Balb/c foram divididos em tr?s grupos: controle (CTLE), estresse pr?-natal por conten??o (PNS) e exerc?cio f?sico antes do per?odo gestacional e estresse pr?-natal por conten??o (EX+PNS). O peso dos animais foi avaliado durante a gesta??o, e nos dias 1, 10 e 21 de vida e na vida adulta. Esses animais foram mantidos at? a idade adulta (60 dias de vida) quando foram avaliados os comportamentos de medo/ansiedade, no aparato de labirinto em cruz elevada, e depress?o, por meio do teste de prefer?ncia e ingest?o de sacarose. Al?m disso, foi avaliada a express?o g?nica, atrav?s da t?cnica de PCR em tempo real, do receptor tipo 1 do horm?nio liberador de corticotrofina (CRHR1) no c?rtex pr?-frontal, do receptor de glicocorticoide (GR) e do receptor de mineralocorticoide (MR) no hipocampo e as concentra??es plasm?ticas de corticosterona foram avaliadas.
RESULTADOS: Durante a gesta??o, as f?meas do grupo EX+PNS apresentaram maior peso em rela??o ao grupo CTLE. Em rela??o ao peso da prole, os animais do grupo EX+PNS exibiram um aumento no peso nos dias 1, 10 e 21 de vida, comparados com o grupo PNS. Durante a vida adulta, os animais estressados no per?odo pr?-natal apresentaram menor peso, enquanto o exerc?cio pr?-gestacional promoveu um aumento no peso da prole, em rela??o ao grupo CTLE. Em rela??o aos testes comportamentais, houve uma diminui??o significativa no tempo gasto no bra?o aberto do aparato de labirinto em cruz elevada nos animais dos grupos PNS e EX+PNS, em ambos os sexos, demonstrando um aumento no comportamento de medo/ansiedade. O estresse pr?-natal aumentou a prefer?ncia por sacarose em f?meas e a ingest?o de sacarose em ambos os sexos. No entanto, o exerc?cio promoveu uma diminui??o significativa na ingest?o de sacarose, em machos e f?meas. A express?o de CRHR1 diminuiu no c?rtex pr?-frontal de f?meas do grupo EX+PNS em rela??o ao grupo PNS. Por outro lado, o exerc?cio antes da gesta??o n?o foi capaz de reverter a diminui??o significativa nas concentra??es basais de GR provocadas pelo estresse pr?-natal em f?meas adultas. N?o houve diferen?as significativas entre os grupos na express?o g?nica de GR em machos e de MR e corticosterona em f?meas e machos.
CONCLUS?O: O exerc?cio f?sico em esteira antes do per?odo gestacional parece ser capaz de reduzir os efeitos do estresse pr?-natal em marcadores importantes da resposta do eixo HPA de uma maneira dependente do sexo.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/7561 |
| Date | 03 March 2017 |
| Creators | Luft, Carolina |
| Contributors | Donadio, M?rcio Vin?cius Fagundes |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Medicina/Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a, PUCRS, Brasil, Escola de Medicina |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 3098206005268432148, 500, 500, 500, 600, 600, -224747486637135387, -969369452308786627, 2075167498588264571, -2555911436985713659 |
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