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Previous issue date: 2014-03-10 / The global fight against drug consumption and its devastating effects has already spanned throughout many decades. Indicators of production and consumption of psychoactive substances continue to be alarming, since there is an estimate that, by 2010, the number of problematic drug users reached the mark of 27 million people (UNODC, 2012). Since the phenomenon of Drug Addiction/Substance Abuse is fully aligned with the frantic search for substances that relieve the discomfort, one needs to recognize the heterogeneity of the use, of the understanding and of the intervention of this phenomenon. We opted, in this PhD thesis for, from the epistemological perspective of psychoanalysis, considering modalities of drug use involving a state of slavery of the subject(s) to the elected substance(s). Throughout the Thesis, we use the classification already established - Drug Addiction because it highlights essential points of the phenomenon as a pathological dependence, in which the subject cannot do without the drug-object and a choice uniquely marked by precariousness of himself in a psychic economy mainly composed of death instincts. Being the contribution to the Psychoanalytic Metapsychology its aim, questioning the choice of object-drug, its dynamics and its role in the psychic economy from the effects of the subject's history. This Thesis is organized in four sections, being two of which theoretical and two empirical. The first section proposes theoretical characterizations of the notion of subject throughout History. Its main objective was to characterize the epistemological break produced by the advent of Psychoanalysis and the expansion of the notion of subject caused by it. It also questioned discomfort settings that affect the contemporary subject and the risks that arise from the understanding that reduces human phenomena to a normative model of psychopathology. The second theoretical section concerns the presentation of the research strategy design built throughout the layout of this research. Built on the Psychoanalytic Method, the proposition of the Clinical-Interpretative Strategy rests on the consideration that the Listening is a broader process than the stricto sensu psychoanalytic clinics. The stages of Clinical-Interpretative Strategy are presented, fostering it as a valid resource for the psychoanalytic research in the Academy. The third section is an empirical study conducted with seven drug addicts, located according to convenience. Each participant of the study was heard by a psychoanalyst in a series of interviews, which were analyzed in the light of Clinical-Interpretative Strategy. Significant differences were identified in terms of investments from participants with regard to the choice and the function of the object-drug, which led to the proposition of two defensive resources, called autoerotic servitude and narcissistic servitude. The fourth and last section presents a second empirical study through the case study of a participant whose story allowed us question the concept of narcissism and its positive and negative aspects, how the negative side works and its relationship with the addiction. The results obtained allow us to claim to be the Clinical-Interpretative Strategy a legitimate alternative to the research with the Psychoanalytic Method contemplating its rigor and specificity. Furthermore, it is considered that the proposal of the notions of autoerotic servitude and narcissistic servitude offers an important contribution to Metapsychology, highlighting different nuances in terms of ego investment present in the psychic and dynamic economy of Drug Addiction / O combate mundial ao avan?o das drogas e seus efeitos devastadores j? atravessa muitas d?cadas. Os indicadores de produ??o e consumo de subst?ncias psicoativas seguem alarmantes, pois se estima que, em 2010, o n?mero de usu?rios problem?ticos de drogas alcan?ava cerca de 27 milh?es de pessoas (UNODC, 2012). Sendo o fen?meno da Drogadi??o/Toxicomania totalmente alinhado ? busca fren?tica por subst?ncias que aliviem o mal-estar, ? preciso reconhecer a heterogeneidade do uso, da compreens?o e da interven??o sobre esse fen?meno. Optou-se, nessa Tese de Doutorado por, desde a perspectiva epistemol?gica da Psican?lise, contemplar modalidades de uso de drogas que envolvam um estado de escravid?o do sujeito ?(s) subst?ncia(s) eleita(s). Ao longo da Tese, utilizam-se as nomenclaturas j? consagradas Drogadi??o ou Toxicomania por ressaltarem pontos essenciais do fen?meno como a depend?ncia patol?gica, na qual o sujeito n?o pode prescindir do objeto-droga e a elei??o singular marcada pela precariedade do si mesmo em uma economia ps?quica predominantemente tan?tica. Objetivou-se contribuir com a Metapsicologia Psicanal?tica, problematizando a elei??o do objeto-droga, sua din?mica e sua fun??o na economia ps?quica a partir dos efeitos da hist?ria do indiv?duo. Esta Tese est? organizada em quatro se??es, sendo duas de cunho te?rico e duas de cunho emp?rico. A primeira se??o te?rica prop?e caracteriza??es de no??o de sujeito ao longo da Hist?ria. Seu objetivo principal foi caracterizar a ruptura epistemol?gica produzida pelo advento da Psican?lise e a amplia??o da no??o de sujeito provocada por ela. Problematizou, tamb?m, as configura??es de mal-estar que acometem o sujeito contempor?neo e os riscos oriundos da leitura que reduz os fen?menos humanos a um modelo normativo de psicopatologia. A segunda se??o te?rica diz respeito ? apresenta??o do delineamento da estrat?gia de investiga??o constru?da ao longo da execu??o desta pesquisa. Sustentada no M?todo Psicanal?tico, a proposi??o da Estrat?gia Cl?nico-Interpretativa est? apoiada na considera??o de ser a Escuta um processo mais amplo que a cl?nica psicanal?tica stricto sensu. Apresentam-se as etapas da Estrat?gia Cl?nico-Interpretativa, sustentando-a como um recurso v?lido ? pesquisa psicanal?tica na Academia. A terceira se??o ? um estudo emp?rico, realizado com sete participantes toxic?manos, localizados por conveni?ncia. Cada participante foi escutado por um psicanalista em um conjunto de entrevistas, as quais foram analisadas ? luz da Estrat?gia Cl?nico-Interpretativa. Identificaram-se importantes diferen?as nas modalidades de investimentos dos participantes em rela??o ? elei??o e ? fun??o do objeto-droga, o que levou ? proposi??o de dois recursos defensivos, denominados servid?o autoer?tica e servid?o narc?sica. A quarta e ?ltima se??o apresenta um segundo estudo emp?rico realizado atrav?s do Estudo de Caso de uma participante, cuja hist?ria permitiu problematizar o conceito de narcisismo em suas vertentes positiva e negativa, o trabalho do negativo e sua rela??o com a Toxicomania. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar ser a Estrat?gia Cl?nico-Interpretativa uma leg?tima alternativa ? pesquisa com o M?todo Psicanal?tico contemplando seu rigor e sua especificidade. Considera-se, ainda, que a proposi??o das no??es de servid?o autoer?tica e narc?sica oferecem uma importante contribui??o ? Metapsicologia, destacando nuances diferentes nas modalidades de investimento do Eu presentes na economia e din?mica ps?quica da Drogadi??o.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/857 |
| Date | 10 March 2014 |
| Creators | Dockhorn, Carolina Neumann de Barros Falc?o |
| Contributors | Macedo, M?nica Medeiros Kother |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia, PUCRS, BR, Faculdade de Psicologia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2588426296948062698, 500, 600, 2599381623216554467 |
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