Stroke is a leading cause of disability in Canada. Delayed hypothermia improves outcome in patients following cardiac arrest and reduces lesion volume in rodents after transient focal ischemia, but less is known about the effectiveness of delayed hypothermia following permanent focal ischemia. In Chapter 1, the efficacy of 12, 24 or 48 h of delayed hypothermia was evaluated one week following pMCAO. All treatments attenuated neurological deficits and brain water content, but only the 24 and 48 h treatments reduced stepping error rate and lesion volume. Thus, delayed hypothermia attenuates brain injury and functional deficits following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Longer bouts of cooling provide superior protection; an effect that is not explained by lessened edema.
Chapter 3 describes a novel method of focal brain hypothermia in rats. A metal coil was implanted between the Temporalis muscle and adjacent skull and flushed with cold water. Focal, ipsilateral cooling was successfully produced without cooling of the opposite hemisphere or the core. One day of focal hypothermia was maintained in awake rats without significant alterations in blood pressure, heart rate or body temperature. The described simple method allows for safe inductions of focal brain hypothermia in anesthetized or conscious rats, and is ideally suited to trauma or stroke studies.
In Chapter 4, long-term efficacy of 12 and 48 h of delayed focal or systemic hypothermia was evaluated following pMCAO. Both systemic treatments equally reduced lesion volume and skilled reaching deficits compared to normothermic controls, but only the 48 h treatment reduced neurological deficits. Conversely, 12 h of focal cooling did not significantly improve outcome, whereas 48 h of focal brain cooling attenuated functional deficits and reduced lesion volume. Thus, both delayed focal and systemic hypothermia attenuate long-term brain injury and functional deficits following pMCAO. Duration of cooling is clearly an important factor that may depend upon the method of cooling.
Overall, this data indicates that delayed and prolonged hypothermia provides substantial and persistent protection against pMCAO in the rat. Prolonged hypothermia is a promising neuroprotective therapy for acute stroke and further clinical investigation is warranted.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:AEU.10048/764 |
| Date | 11 1900 |
| Creators | Clark, Darren |
| Contributors | Colbourne, Fred (Psychology), Treit, Dallas (Psychology), Krukoff, Teresa (Cell Biology), Caplan, Jeremy (Psychology), Pittman, Quentin (Physiology and Biophysics) |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 1606334 bytes, application/pdf |
| Relation | Clark, D., Penner, M., Orellana-Jordan, I. and Colbourne, F. Comparison of 12, 24 and 48 hours of systemic hypothermia on outcome after permanent focal ischemia in rat. Experimental Neurology, 212:386-92, 2008., Clark, D. and Colbourne, F. A simple method to induce focal brain hypothermia in rats. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 27: 115-122, 2007, Clark, D., Penner, M., Wowk, S., Orellana-Jordan, I. and Colbourne, F. 12 and 48 h treatments with systemic and brain-selective hypothermia techniques after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rat. Experimental Neurology, accepted pending minor revision |
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