Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is considered as a model plant species for multipurpose uses with whole plant utilization for several purposes including industril, food, animal feed, fiber, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and bioproduct markets. Therefore, flax is in the process of genetic engineering to meet the market requirements. Prior to commercial release of genetically engineered (GE) flax, a risk assessment was conducted to determine intra- and inter-specific pollen-mediated gene flow and for quantifing and mitigating the adventitious presence (AP) of volunteer flax in canola (Brassica napus L.). The results of pollen-mediated gene flow study (crop-to-crop) suggest that about 1.85% outcrossing would occur in adjunct area, when two flax cultivars were grown in close proximity of 0.1 m apart. Some rare gene flow events were recorded maximum up to 35 m distance from the pollen source but at a very low frequency.
The genus Linum has several wild and weedy species, distributed in many parts of the world. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the potential for gene introgression from GE flax to wild relatives, the occurrence, the phylogeny of flax wild relatives and reported interspecific hybridization. The results demonstrated that cultivated flax has ability to hybridize and form viable F1 plants with at least nine species of Linum; however, none of these species have been reported to occur in Canada. Hybridization of flax with many other wild relatives has either not been studied or reported. However, based on the evidence of reported work, gene flow from GE flax to wild or weedy relatives may occur elsewhere depending on species distribution, sympatry, concurrent flowering, ploidy level and sexual compatibility.
The results of the experiments to mitigate the adventitious presence of flax volunteers in canola suggest that combinations of pre-plant followed by post-emergence herbicides were most effective for reducing volunteer flax density and AP in glufosinate-resistant canola. Post-emergence application of imazamox+imazethapyr, however, was not effective for controlling volunteer flax in imidazolinone-resistant canola. Best management practices were developed to mitigate transgene movement from GE flax to ensure co-existance of GE, conventional and organic flax without market harm. / Plant Science
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:AEU.10048/874 |
| Date | 06 1900 |
| Creators | Jhala, Amitkumar |
| Contributors | Dr. Linda M Hall (Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science), Dr. Randall Weselake (Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science), Dr. Lloyd Dosdall (Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science), Dr. Jocelyn Hall (Biological Sciences), Dr. Robert Blackshaw (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge) |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 1363166 bytes, application/pdf |
| Relation | Jhala A.J., Weselake R.J. and Hall L.M. (2009). Genetically engineered flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): Potential benefits, risks, regulations and mitigation of transgene movement. Crop Science 49:1943-1954, Jhala A.J., Lisa Raatz, Jody E. Dexter and Linda M. Hall. (2010). Adventitious presence: Volunteer flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in herbicide resistant canola (Brassica napus L.). Weed Technology (Accepted, Manuscript # WT-D -09 00003R)., Jhala A.J. and L.M. Hall (2009). Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): Current uses and future applications. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (In Press)., Jhala A.J., Hall L.M. and Hall J. C. (2008). Potential hybridization of flax with wild and weedy species: An avenue for movement of engineered genes? Crop Science. 48 (2): 825-840 (Selected as a quality paper by the Crop Science Editorial Board), Jhala A. J., Hall L.M. and Hall J.C. (2008). Investigating the potential for gene flow of transgenic flax with its wild relatives. Crop Science Society of America Newsletter. 53, (7): 2-3. |
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