<p>Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and hospitalizations in Canada. Most risk factors for cardiovascular disease are known, and many are modifiable. One such risk factor that often goes unrecognized is non-adherence. Pharmacists are ideally positioned to have an influence on cardiovascular risk reduction, including supporting medication adherence; however it is still unknown whether typical (non-specialist) pharmacists can provide strategies that are effective and sustainable in todays health care system. Thus, the overall objective of this research project was to determine what interventions typical pharmacists can adopt to effectively facilitate cardiovascular risk reduction within the constraints of the current practice environment. This objective was accomplished through 4 related studies: 1) a randomized controlled trial involving a pharmacist-directed cardiovascular risk reduction collaboration within a family physician practice; 2) a systematic review identifying and evaluating published interventions by community pharmacists for cardiovascular disease or diabetes; 3) the design of a pilot study evaluating a novel community pharmacy intervention aimed at cardiovascular risk reduction and; 4) the examination of adherence patterns among antihypertensive medication users to identify associated factors and high-risk periods for non-adherence.</p>
<p>Although the randomized controlled trial did not show a statistically significant benefit of the pharmacist intervention on cardiovascular risk, it did demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating a pharmacist into a collaborative role, without the need for an advanced or specialized degree. Results from the systematic review yielded several studies involving community pharmacists and cardiovascular disease or diabetes. However, the majority of these studies were of poor quality, evaluated complex and intensive interventions, and provided questionable clinical benefits. The design of the pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of developing high quality, robust research involving community pharmacists. Finally, the observational study examining adherence patterns to antihypertensive agents revealed two important findings that can guide the development of future strategies to support adherence: the first year of therapy, and particularly the first dispensation, is a critical time for the development of non-adherence and, contrary to previously published studies, adherence is similar between all classes of antihypertensive medications.</p>
<p>This program of research did not identify one particular pharmacist intervention as being superior for cardiovascular risk reduction in todays practice environment. However, it did highlight the need for improved study quality and the development of interventions that are practical and can be realistically implemented by pharmacists in todays practice environment.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:SSU.etd-11042010-211204 |
| Date | 22 November 2010 |
| Creators | Evans, Charity Dawn |
| Contributors | Alcorn, Jane, Shevchuk, Yvonne, Remillard, Alfred, Eurich, Dean, Taylor, Jeff, Blackburn, David |
| Publisher | University of Saskatchewan |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://library.usask.ca/theses/available/etd-11042010-211204/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to University of Saskatchewan or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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