The assemblage of bacteria and fungi associated with red imported fire ants (RIFA) Solenopsis invicta Buren was obtained from Hinds, Leake, and Madison Counties (location) along Natchez Trace Parkway in Mississippi. The sites were selected due to the limited presence of RIFA within the park and the more natural, undisturbed ecosystem. Active mounds containing soil, plant debris, and RIFA (substrate) were collected in March, July, and November of 2004 (time). Samples were processed according to standard microbiological protocols, and microorganisms identified using morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. A total of 71 bacteria (2324 isolates) and 50 fungi (1445 isolates) were obtained. The most common bacterium and fungus identified were Bacillus sp. B76(B)Ydz-zz, and Trichoderma aureoviride strain IMI 113135. The fungal entomopathogens Paecilomyces lilacinus and Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae were isolated from mound soil, plant debris, and external tissues of the ants. Patterns of species richness, diversity, and evenness values across substrates were 71, 1.58, and 0.37 for bacteria, and 50, 1.11 and 0.28 for fungi, respectively. Total coefficient of community values for bacteria were 0.74 – 0.89 and 0.79 – 0.92 for fungi indicating uniform communities. No consistent trends were observed by comparing substrate, location, and sampling date. However, fungi species richness and diversity for ant external tissues were significantly higher than internal tissues of the ant. Selected bacteria and fungi were evaluated for their biological control and/or antagonistic potential in vitro and in situ. The most promising isolates studied in vitro included Paenibacillus sp. JA-08, Aspergillus terreus, and Aspergillus sp. HZ-35 with death rates on mound soil surface at 4.4, 5.0, and 4.8. The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae strain LRC 211 had low death rate (1.8) on mound soil during in vitro trial but showed the greatest biocontrol potential during in situ evaluation. After 14 days in situ evaluation, the living RIFA extracted showed sluggish movement and the fungus was recovered from dead (48.3%) and living (33.3%) RIFA. Since the in situ trials were conducted only at one location and season, additional tests, including microscopic documentation of parasitism/pathogenicity, are needed to confirm the results of this study.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:MSSTATE/oai:scholarsjunction.msstate.edu:td-1838 |
| Date | 01 May 2010 |
| Creators | Woolfolk, Sandra Winia |
| Publisher | Scholars Junction |
| Source Sets | Mississippi State University |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | Theses and Dissertations |
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