Retinoic acid (RA) exerts important effects in the processes of vertebrate
development, cellular growth and differentiation, and homeostasis. However, the
mechanisms of action of RA in the control of cellular and developmental processes are
incompletely understood, as the retinoid target genes have not been fully characterized.
The goal of these studies described herein was to contribute towards a greater
understanding of the cellular effects of retinoids through the identification and
characterization of an RA-induced gene from mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.
The predicted amino acid sequence of GRASP is characterized by several
putative protein-protein interaction motifs, suggesting that GRASP may function in cell
signaling pathways. Towards the goal of identifying which signaling pathways GRASP
may participate in, a yeast two-hybrid screen was performed using GRASP as a bait to
identify protein interaction partners. The general receptor for phosphinositides 1
(GRP1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the ADP-ribosylation factor 6
(ARF6) GTPase, was identified as a GRASP interaction partner. GRASP was shown to
colocalize with endogenous ARFs in cells and enhance GRP1 association with the
plasma membrane, suggesting that GRASP may function as a scaffold protein in the
recruitment of GRP1 and ARF6 to plasma membrane loci.
Overexpression of GRASP was observed to induce accumulation of GRASP in
the endosomal compartment where GTP-binding deficient mutants of ARF6 reside,
suggesting that GRASP induced a block in an ARF6 plasma membrane recycling
pathway. Coexpression of GRP1, but not a catalytically inactive mutant, dramatically
reduced the accumulation of GRASP in this compartment. Furthermore, GRP1 mutants
that lack the region of interaction with GRASP failed to prevent accumulation of
GRASP in the endosomal compartment, suggesting that GRASP recruits GRP1 to the
endosomal compartment where GRP1 stimulates nucleotide exchange on ARF6 and
recycling.
Results described herein demonstrate that GRASP functions in the ARF6
regulated plasma membrane recycling pathway, and that upon overexpression, induces a
block in recycling. Our results suggest a role for GRASP as an adapter or scaffold
protein that may link cell surface receptors to the ARF6 recycling pathway, resulting in
modulation of signal transduction events at the cell surface. / Graduation date: 2002
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:ORGSU/oai:ir.library.oregonstate.edu:1957/32483 |
| Date | 05 December 2001 |
| Creators | Nevrivy, Daniel |
| Contributors | Leid, Mark E. |
| Source Sets | Oregon State University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis/Dissertation |
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