The environment plays an important role in the health of communities. However, few health systems exist at the state and/or local levels to efficiently track the potential health effects associated with environmental exposure. The objectives of this dissertation are 1) to use secondary data for assessing the possible associations between health outcomes and environmental exposure and/or hazard; 2) to explore possible methods of data linkage and analyses which can be used by state and local environmental health tracking agencies and 3) to bring positive contributions to the development of national Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (EPHT). In this project, the Three Mile Island (TMI) cohort data (1979-1995) and Pennsylvania (PA) Cancer registry data were used to evaluate the associations between cigarette smoking and adult leukemia. A case-crossover analysis was performed with PA cardiopulmonary hospital admission data and local air pollution data to assess the health effects of air pollutants on cardiopulmonary disease before and after the elimination of a major point source of air pollution. A case-control study was also conducted to examine the associations between term low birth weight and particulate air pollution. The results showed that cigarette smoking could increase the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition, particulate air pollution is significantly associated with cardiovascular hospitalization and low birth weight in term infant.
In conclusion, the findings suggest that environmental hazards have adverse health effects on a number of health endpoints. Secondary data can be a great resource for environmental public health tracking, which is of public health relevance. The use of existing data is an effective way to assess the potential health effects associated with environmental exposures after an appropriate study design with a feasible data linkage and correct methods of data analyses was developed.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:PITT/oai:PITTETD:etd-06132007-103447 |
| Date | 25 September 2007 |
| Creators | Xu, Xiaohui |
| Contributors | Evelyn O. Talbott, Devra Lee Davis, Vincent C. Arena, Conrad D Volz, Ravi K. Sharma |
| Publisher | University of Pittsburgh |
| Source Sets | University of Pittsburgh |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-06132007-103447/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to University of Pittsburgh or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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