Purpose: To explore the relationships between smoking dependence behavior, depression, anger, and, anxiety in pregnant adolescents. Research hypotheses were: 1. Depression, anger, anxiety, and are mood states that are present in pregnant adolescents who smoke. 2. Depression, anger, and, anxiety are inter-related. 3. Depression, anger, and anxiety affect smoking dependent behavior of pregnant teens who began smoking prior to pregnancy. 4. Depression, anger, and, anxiety affect smoking consumption of pregnant teens who smoke.
Methods: Secondary data analysis of baseline data from a longitudinal study, Nursing Intervention for Young Pregnant Smokers (PI: S. Albrecht, RO1 NR 03233) was performed. Of 224 eligible adolescents, 142 pregnant, smoker, adolescents signed an informed consent. One-hundred, eight complete and valid cases were analyzed for their responses to the following instruments: Modified State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Modified Center for Studies of Depression (CES-D), Confidence and Temptation Scale, Fagerstrom Tolerance Nicotine Dependence Test (FTND).
Results: Descriptive and exploratory data analyses were used to identify outliers, assess missing data, and verify assumptions. In the correlational analysis, anger, anxiety, and depression are correlated (p = .000). In additional analysis, self-efficacy was correlated with anger (p = .007), anxiety (p = .001), and FTND score (p= .002). Hierarchial Multiple Regression, controlling for covariates, revealed that self-efficacy significantly predicted smoking dependence behavior (p = .006). Depression, anger, and, anxiety were not realized as predictors in this sample. However, an exploratory analysis of self-efficacy, the confidence that the adolescent express that smoking cessation could be achieved, revealed an inverse relationship to smoking dependence behavior.
Conclusions and Implications: Self-efficacy was inversely associated with smoking dependence behavior in this sample, while altered mood states did not influence smoking dependence behavior or smoking consumption. This analysis suggests that enhancing self-efficacy should be tested as a part of the intervention for smoking prevention and cessation programs in adolescents.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:PITT/oai:PITTETD:etd-07052007-153045 |
| Date | 06 July 2007 |
| Creators | Feltes, Kathleen A. |
| Contributors | Donna Caruthers, PhD, RN, School of Nursing, Thelma Patrick, PhD, RN, Dissertation Advisor, School of Nursing, Susan A. Albrecht, PhD, RN, FAAN, School of Nursing, Thomas Zullo, PhD, School of Education |
| Publisher | University of Pittsburgh |
| Source Sets | University of Pittsburgh |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-07052007-153045/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to University of Pittsburgh or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
Page generated in 0.0019 seconds