Energy accounting determines how much a software process contributes
to the total system energy consumption. It is the foundation for
evaluating software and has been widely used by operating system based
energy management. While various energy accounting policies have been
tried, there is no known way to evaluate them directly simply because
it is hard to track every hardware use by software in a heterogeneous
multicore system like modern smartphones and tablets. This work
provides the ground truth for energy accounting based on multi-player
game theory and offers the first evaluation of existing energy
accounting policies, revealing their important flaws. The proposed
ground truth is based on Shapley value, a single value solution to
multi-player games of which four axiomatic properties are natural and
self-evident to energy accounting.
This work further provides a utility optimization formulation of
energy management and shows, surprisingly, that energy accounting does
not matter for existing energy management solutions that control the
energy use of a process by giving it an energy budget, or budget based
energy management (BEM). This work shows an optimal energy management
(OEM) framework can always outperform BEM. While OEM does not require
any form of energy accounting, it is related to Shapley value in that
both require the system energy consumption for all possible
combination of processes under question.
This work reports a prototype implementation of both Shapley
value-based energy accounting and OEM based scheduling. Using this
prototype and smartphone workload, this work experimentally
demonstrates how erroneous existing energy accounting policies can be,
show that existing BEM solutions are unnecessarily complicated yet
underperforming by 20% compared to OEM.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:RICE/oai:scholarship.rice.edu:1911/71948 |
| Date | 16 September 2013 |
| Creators | Dong, Mian |
| Contributors | Zhong, Lin |
| Source Sets | Rice University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | thesis, text |
| Format | application/pdf |
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