Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a mitogenic polypeptide that induces proliferation and activation of kinase pathways in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The role of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in mediating responses induced by IGF-I was investigated in cells transfected with small inhibitory RNA for ERα (iERα) or cotreated with the pure antiestrogen ICI 182780. The results showed that IGF-I-dependent phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK, induction of G1–S-phase progression and enhanced expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E were dependent on ERα. Moreover, these IGF-I-induced responses were also inhibited by the antiestrogen ICI 182780, suggesting that the effects of ICI 182780 as an inhibitor of IGF-I induced responses in breast cancer cells are primarily related to downregulation of ERα. Chemoprotective phytochemicals exhibit multiple activities and interact with several cellular receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We investigated the AhR agonist/antagonist activities of the following flavonoids: chrysin, phloretin, kaempferol, galangin, naringenin, genistein, quercetin, myricetin, luteolin, baicalein, daidzein, apigenin, and diosmin, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, HepG2 human liver cells and mouse Hepa-1 cells. The dietary phytochemicals exhibited substantial cell context–dependent AhR agonist as well as antagonist activities, and these are factors that must be considered in risk assessment of overall exposures to AhR agonists. Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8- pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCBP), 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF) bind and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). It has been assumed that these compounds only differ in their potencies. The SAhRM-like activity of the 5 HAHs was investigated by determining ligand structure dependent differences in their induction of CYP1A1 and interactions of the AhR with a series of coactivators in a mammalian two-hybrid assay in three AhR-responsive cell lines, including mouse Hepa-1, Human HEK293 and human Panc1 cells. There were multiple structure-dependent differences in activation of luciferase activity in these cell lines transfected with VP-AhR and six different GAL4-coactivator chimeras and a GAL4-response element-luciferase promoter construct. The results show that HAHs selectively interact with coactivators and these interactions are dependent on cell-context, and even among HAHs, these compounds exhibit selective receptor modulator activity.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TEXASAandM/oai:repository.tamu.edu:1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2603 |
| Date | 15 May 2009 |
| Creators | Zhang, Shu |
| Contributors | Safe, Stephen H., Burghardt, Robert C., Donnelly, Kirby C., Phillips, Timothy D. |
| Source Sets | Texas A and M University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | thesis, text |
| Format | electronic, application/pdf, born digital |
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