碩士 / 國立中山大學 / 海洋生物研究所 / 81 / Pontomyia spp. 大部分是分布於西太平洋的全海生型昆蟲。雌雄為明顯
的二型性(dimorphism)，雌蟲的翅和三對足退化而成為蠕蟲狀，雄蟲的翅
亦退化而不能飛行，但是羽化後的雄蟲能在水面快速的滑行，藉以找到羽
化的雌蟲。目前台灣分別在恆春半島的萬里桐及後灣記錄 P. oceana 及
P. natans 兩種，其他地區如綠島曾採到 P. oceana，蘭嶼及澎湖群島的
望安島曾記錄到 P. natans。野外的觀察及採樣結果顯示，後灣在1992
年7月中旬至8月中旬的採樣， P. natans 成蟲羽化出現的時間大約在每
天的19:00左右， P. oceana出現時間較晚，而且有明顯的分離現象，同
時兩種在出現頻率上都有半月的週期性。在萬里桐只有少數 P. natans
的出現， P. oceana 相對的較多，也有半月的週期性。兩地 P. oceana
的羽化時間，後灣早於萬里桐；萬里桐在8月及12月的日內羽化出現時間
，時間的變異並不大。實驗室養殖的 P. oceana 雄蟲先雌蟲羽化出來，
平均的活動時間約為2.41小時；雌蟲平均在羽化2.29小時後排出卵塊。受
精卵在3至4天孵出，25度C下培養的幼蟲在孵出第22天開始羽化成成蟲。
實驗室控制下改變溫度及日落時間，以20度C處理羽化當天的水溫，當天
羽化的時間延後，以30度C處理的應則正好相反；日落時間延遲對羽化時
間產生後延的效應，提早日落時間使羽化時間前移。實驗室所得到的資料
，可以部分解釋冬夏 P. oneana 野外大量羽化出現是在相近的時間發生
。
Pontomyia , mostly distributed in western Pacific Ocean, is
exclusively marine. There are remarkable sexual dimorphism
in the adults of these species. Males with modified wings can
only glide on water surface for searching female. The adult
female, having no appendages nor wings, is almost vermiform.
P. oceana was found at Hengchun peninsula and Lutao; P. natans
males were found at Hengchun peninsula, Penghu, and Lanyu
and no female occurred. According to the field study at
Howan, emergence of P. natans males began at about 19:00. P.
oceana appeared later than P. natans. Semimonthly emergence
cycle was found in both P. natans and P. oceana. The time of
emergence at Howan was earlier than Wanliton in September.
The emergence time were about the same between August and
December at Wanliton. It takes 3 to 4 days for fertilized
eggs of P. oceana to hatch at 25 degree. The larvae and pupae
stages take 22 days at least to develop before eclosion.
Males emerged earlier than females in the evening. The
treatment of 20 degree at emergence day delayed the emergence
time of both sexes. The result of 30 degree treatment was
just the opposite. The delay in onset of dark period, also
delay emergence time. The laboratory study of the effect of
temperature and onset of dark period provided a mechanism for
determining the timing of emergence in the field.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/081NSYSU270006 |
| Date | January 1993 |
| Creators | Chen, Gwo Fang, 陳國芳 |
| Contributors | Soong, Keryea;Chen, Chin Seng, 宋克義；陳錦生 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 57 |
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