碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 園藝學研究所 / 87 / The tuberous rhizome of Zantedescia hybrida had single and multiple-types in relation to the sizes of dominant buds. The rhizome thickening developed from the cell differentiation in primary thickening meristem ( PTM), scattering over the primary thickening region below the apex. The function of PTM also included the growth of adventive roots and vascular bundle. Tuberous rhizomes were storaged at 10℃ for 6-8 weeks after harvest and dominant buds were in five sheaths before planting and two leaves formated before flower bud formation after planted, with axillary buds on sheath and leaves. The nutrient sufficiency in the tuberous rhizome and GA soak catalyzed the axillary buds into flower. Flowers differentiated after planting, dominant buds with 6cm set off a spathe in visibility (stage 2), a bud with 19cm had gynoecia and androecia differentiation(stage 5). The pro-GAS soak speeded the bud 2cm to grow faster into the stage 2The tuberous rhizome of Zantedescia hybrida had single and multiple-types in relation to the sizes of dominant buds. The rhizome thickening developed from the cell differentiation in primary thickening meristem ( PTM), scattering over the primary thickening region below the apex. The function of PTM also included the growth of adventive roots and vascular bundle. Tuberous rhizomes were storaged at 10℃ for 6-8 weeks after harvest and dominant buds were in five sheaths before planting and two leaves formated before flower bud formation after planted, with axillary buds on sheath and leaves. The nutrient sufficiency in the tuberous rhizome and GA soak catalyzed the axillary buds into flower. Flowers differentiated after planting, dominant buds with 6cm set off a spathe in visibility (stage 2), a bud with 19cm had gynoecia and androecia differentiation(stage 5). The pro-GAS soak speeded the bud 2cm to grow faster into the stage 2
In the Haolie field, the plantlet of Z. ’Crystal Glow’ in a density of 7x7cm had an average weight 11.1g, 2.2cm narrow diameter and 10% of flower bulbs in 3cm narrow diameter. Z. ‘Pacific Pink’ and Z. ‘Florex Gold’ in Nan-Tou Sung-Kang (2000m altitude) after in vitro were planted in 100-cell plugs for acclimation, forty days later, transplanted in fields with densities of 5x5cm, 7x7cm, 10x10cm and 7x7cm in plastic basketrys for Z. ‘Florex Gold’. As the result, the best was the 10x10cm in plantlet with total leaf area over 300cm2 and good bulbs came along. In the Z. ‘Pacific Pink’ plantlet, flower bulbs over 25g had 64.7% and in the Z. ‘Florex Gold’ let with 88.8%. The 5x5cm had a high rate of decay. In a paralleling experiment of Z. ‘Florex Gold’ in Taipei, of the same 3 densities in plastic basketrys, the 10x10cm with total leaf area of 65.5cm was the best, but there were no big difference among various bulbs. Total leaf area in the plantlet transplanted into basketrys after in vitro was 100.2cm, lifted rhizomes in an average weight of 8.7g, 2.2cm narrow diameter were better than plug planting with a higher rate of decaying after transplantation. The rhizome formation with a 7-9mm stem basal diameter in plantlet was bigger than those with a stem basal under 7mm; the stem basal less than 3mm has a small leaf area, less contributing to bulb. The rhizome formation had a positive relationship with total leaf area.
In Mei-Feng Highland (2000m altitude), Zantedeschia hybrida ‘Black Magic’ which had dried out thoroughly in 7 weeks (1998/11/30) had samples of the tuberous rhizomes with a potential to grow and flower normally, and in 11 weeks (1998/12/25) for the best performance. Tuberous rhizome lefted at plants dried-out (1998/10/10) and those in 3 weeks later had irregular growth and no flowering. The tuberous rhizomes from unripe harvest need a six months to sprout and only one-third of them could grow into flower. The starch in plants started to arise obviously at the drying stage with no clear change later. After December, the starch in sampled rhizomes went down
drastically; the sucrose reduced greatly in leaf senescence and then went up in nature. The tuberous rhizomes lifted in early February and moved to 28℃, RH=88% for further process show that 28℃ was contributive to the vegetative growth, to sprout earlier and to increase leaves and leaf area per rhizome. The temperature of 28℃ was harmful to flower in decreasing the rate of flowering and the number of flowers while small rhizomes were mostly affected.
Zantedeschia hybrida ‘Crystal Glow’ 1st generation tuberous rhizomes in dormancy were lifted at the end of May in Haolie. Rhizomes had been stored at 10℃ for 6 weeks, and then planted in the Mei-Feng fields (2100m altitude). It had a 95% flowering rate in rhizomes with 1.6 flowers, and two more added upon the GA3 treatment and blossom in September. Z. ’Florex Gold’ 1st generation tuberous rhizomes in dormancy were lifted at the end of October in Sung-Kang (2000m altitude). Rhizome had been stored in 15℃ for 9 weeks and then planted in 18cm-diameter pots in Taipei. It had a 70% flowering rate in rhizomes and blossom in April. The flowering rate for the rhizomes in 10℃ in 6 weeks was 56.3% and up to 87% after the pro-GAs treatment without any big change in the flower number. In both experiments, the vegetative growth underwent a period of dry storage (3~9 weeks) in order to increase and the leaf area.
The Zantedeschia hybrida ‘Super Gold’ tuberous rhizome was planted in phytotron with day/night temperature 20/15℃. A comparison was made among various periods of growth: Four and five months along with additional one month of water withheld, and six months of normal watering. One month of water withheld got dry-out leaves, and normal watering got green leaves without chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) to fall greatly. Harvests were set up after six months of planting. The unripe harvest was normal watering, whose starch and dry weights in tuberous rhizome were almost the same as those in harvests of five-month planting and one month of water withheld, but whose starch and sucrose in leaves were higher. The dry weight and starch in tuberous rhizome were reduced for plants of four months and one month of water withheld. Nevertheless, the decay rate and fresh weight were higher in unripe harvest than in those of water being withheld. For tuberous rhizomes in 5℃ dry storage for 6 weeks before planting, the number of their shoots, leaves, and flowers and total leaf area were better in those of water being withheld than in unripe harvest. And as for those in 10 weeks, all harvests were the same in growth and flowering.
Lifted Zantedeschia hybrida ‘Black Magic’ 1st generation tuberous rhizomes got curing in phytotron with day/night termperature in 15/13, 20/15, 25/20, 30/25,35/30 and 30/13℃. One day’s curing in 20/15, 25/20, 30/25 and 30/13℃ formed well organized periderm. Temperature of 20/15℃ had the best result and the least weight loss; 35/30℃ inhibited the deposit of suberin, accelerated tuberous rhizome shrinking and lost commercial quality. Wound periderm was visible after 3 days’ curing in 15/13℃, water losing in tuberous rhizomes was sped up in 15/13℃. It was suggested that Zantedeschia hybrida ‘Black Magic’ could be stored after 3 days’ curing in 20∼27℃ in order to avoid the severe the weight loss. In the curing process, cells of tuberous rhizomes under surface layers accumulated starch grains.
Gibberellin acid (GA3) at 100ppm was applied to Zantedeschia hybrida at 100 ppm as preplant tuberous rhizome 15 mins. soak. It brought an earlier sprouting, increased the flowering rate and the number of flowers, reduced the number of flowering nodal positions, and made earlier flowers. But flowers were in lower quality and of worse bulbing. Commercial pro-GAS was better in promoting flower than GA3. Two weeks after planted, the GA3 soak made a higher density of sucrose in tuberous rhizomes than those in distilled water. The dynamic changes in amylase, suorose synthase, and invertase of rhizome and around-apex tissues were not siginificant difference between distilled water and GA3 soak. Commercial Pro-GAS（GA1+2+3+4) contributed to blossom better than GA3 did, but it made no big difference in growth. Paclobulazols reduced effectively the height of plants, and decreased the length of petiole with a better result than the length of peduncle. However, pro-GA3 saturation with a density of 50ppm and an instillation of 2~4mg paclobullazol into pots at sprouting decreased the number of flowers.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/087NTU00378015 |
| Date | January 1999 |
| Creators | I-Chang Lee, 李奕璋 |
| Contributors | Nean Lee, 李哖 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 159 |
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