碩士 / 國立中山大學 / 海洋資源學系 / 88 / Using the methods of comparative biology to study the differences of relative species is the way to involve and realize the procession of speciation forced by either the effect of accent or adaption under nature selection. Distribution patterns and reproductive biology of two tropical Actiniaria, Phymanthus loligo and Phymanthus strandesi, were studied for two years (1997-1999) in intertidal of southern Taiwan. The data were compared with Phymanthus crucifer in Caribbean to realize the evolution relation among these Congeneric species.
Phymanthus loligo occurs on coral rock, and P. strandesi occurs primarily in sandy area related seagrass. Quantitative quadrate sampling and nearest-neighbor analysis were used to conduct the distribution patterns. The results reveal P. loligo was aggregation distribution in both large and small space scale. P. strandesi was the same aggregation distribution, and significantly with seagrass bed. During 14 months observation in the 1 x 1 m2 sampling area, most anemones were stay at the same location. The variation of the density of sampling area reveal that high potential ability of mobility. Larvae recruitment and success seems more higher than the other known anemones species.
In reproduction, Phymanthus loligo is dioecious, has a 1 : 1 sex ratio, and exhibits and viviparous or larviparous-pelagic-lecithotrophic reproductive pattern. P. loligo reveal annual reproductive cycle and reproductive season is between Jan to Apr. The egg size was between 550μm to 620μm. Gonad index is between 35% to 94%, fecundity is between 850 to 2760. Only female brood larvae. Also exhibits asexual reproduction. Phymanthus strandesi is smaller than P. loligo, also dioecious, has a 2 : 1 sex ratio, and exhibits an oviparous-pelagic-lecithotrophic reproductive pattern. P. strandesi reveal lunar reproductive cycle and continuous reproduction. The egg size was between 550μm to 560μm. Gonad index is up to 30.7%, fecundity is between 40 to 475. No brooding or asexual reproduction were observed.
Dioecious and big egg size were common characteristics of two Phymanthus anemones. Phymanthus loligo has large body size, annual reproductive cycle, high fecundity, and brooding larvae. In contrast, although Phymanthus strandesi conserve the big egg size, but reduce the fecundity and elongated the frequency of reproduction to lunar cycle.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/088NSYS3277001 |
| Date | January 1999 |
| Creators | 林明墩 |
| Contributors | , 方力行, 徐基新, 陳昭倫 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 79 |
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