博士 / 國立海洋大學 / 水產養殖學系 / 91 / Cannulated methods can help further understand excretion physiology of shrimp and fish. In this dissertation, I study the role of the antennal gland in regulating composition of the internal medium for shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and kidney in reabsorbing glucose for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ×O. aureus) with cannulated methods developed by me. Then, the reabsorption of amino acids by antennal gland of the shrimp and glucose by kidney of the tilapia help me understand the utilizing different protein and the carbohydrate sources by the shrimp and the tilapia, respectively.
Urinary production rate and the osmotic and ionic concentrations in both urine and hemolymph were measured in cannulated intermolt P. monodon which are either abruptly transferred from 45 ppt seawater to 15 ppt seawater or acclimated to 5, 25, and 45 ppt seawater. The urinary production rate of P. monodon decreased as salinity increased, suggesting that the antennal glands enable to regulate body volume. The antennal glands did not appear to regulate osmolarity or the concentration of chloride, sodium, potassium and calcium ions, but magnesium. It suggests that the antennal gland actively regulates hemolymph magnesium concentration (chapter 2). Urinary production rate and the ammonia, urea and amino acid concentrations in both urine and hemolymph were measured in cannulated intermolt P. monodon which are acclimated to 5, 25, and 45 ppt seawater. Ammonia and urea concentrations in urine were the same as in hemolymph at three test salinities. It appears that the antennal gland of P. monodon is unable to concentrate the two nitrogen products in urine. The level of urinary ammonia and urea were lower than 1% of total excreted ammonia and urea at all test salinities. The free amino acid concentrations in the hemolymph were higher than those in the urine, and the U/H (Urine/ Hemolymph) ratios of free amino acids were about 1/10 at each of the test salinities. It suggests that amino acids are actively reabsorbed by the antennal gland of the shrimp, but recovery of these molecules from the urine is not complete (chapter 3).
Oral protein administration was conducted to study the ability of P. monodon utilizing different protein sources. Free amino acid concentrations in urine of the shrimp fed crystal amino acid diet were significantly higher than those in the shrimp fed intact protein diet. The urinary total essential amino acid was about 6% of total oral amino acid. The urinary His and Phe were 13.6% and 17.6%, and Ile, Leu, Lys, and Val were about 8% of those in the oral crystalline amino acid diet, respectively. It appears that the amino acids loss from urine can explain partial reason of the poor utilizing crystal amino acids for the shrimp (chapter 4).
In chapter 5, oral carbohydrate administration and vein glucose injection were conducted to gain more insight into the ability of tilapia, utilizing different carbohydrates and to establish kidney threshold for urinary glucose excretion in the tilapia. The concentration of plasma glucose of tilapia peaked at 3 h (25.5 mM for glucose, 8.2 mM for starch) after the oral ingestion of both carbohydrates. Maximum urinary glucose concentrations (48.2 mM for glucose, 10.0mM for starch) in fish fed glucose and starch were at 3 and 4 h post administration. The kidney threshold for urinary glucose excretion in tilapia is about 6 mM. The results also can explain partial reason of the poor utilizing glucose in diet for the tilapia.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/091NTOU0086011 |
| Date | January 2003 |
| Creators | Shian-Chuann Lin, 林先釧 |
| Contributors | Shi-Yen Shiau, Chyng-Hwa Liou, Jin-Hua Cheng, 蕭錫延, 劉擎華, 鄭金華 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 107 |
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