碩士 / 中原大學 / 心理學研究所 / 93 / The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of implicit theories of intelligence and life goals on frog-pond effect which represented the conflict of choice between superior and inferior groups. As people joined inferior groups (Big-fish-little-pond), they would feel superior to other group members. On the contrary, members of superior groups (Little-fish-big-pond) might feel inferior within groups.
Two implicit theories of intelligence were distinguished by Dweck and Leggett (1988). Incremental theorists believed that abilities were malleable, but entity theorists believed in fixed abilities. It was inferred that the former would prefer little-fish-big-pond situations, while the latter would rather choose big-fish-little-pond.
Hwang (2004a) proposed three kinds of life goals in Confucian societies. Vertical goals were highly valued by the society; horizontal goals were identified only by ingroup members; personal goals were based interest or self-choice. It was also predicted that choices between big-fish-little-pond and little-fish-big-pond would be different according to goal types.
The scenario simulation method, self-reported questionnaires were used to measure subjects’ choices in frog-pond dilemma, motivation and emotional responses of their choices. The results were as following: (1) Incremental theorists preferred little-fish-big-pond situations and entity theorists preferred big-fish-little-pond; (2) Among three kinds of Chinese life goals, subjects chose little-fish-big-pond situations more than big-fish-little-pond; (3) In pursuing vertical and horizontal goals, incremental theorists chose little-fish-big-pond situations more than entity theorists; in pursuing personal goal, entity theorists chose big-fish-little-pond situations more than incremental theorists; (4) Those who chose little-fish-big-pond stressed knowledge increase and personal interest, and those who chose big-fish-little-pond emphasized good performance and praise from peers; (5) Those who chose little-fish-big-pond situations were more satisfied and happier than ones who chose big-fish-little-pond.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/093CYCU5071007 |
| Date | January 2005 |
| Creators | Huan-Ju Tsai, 蔡環如 |
| Contributors | Chih-Fen Wei, 危芷芬 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 162 |
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