博士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 水產養殖學系 / 94 / Abstract
The effects of energy generated from fishmeal protein replace by other energy sources in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coicoides) based on isoenergy were investigated. Two major experiments were conducted with control diets containing either higher or lower protein content than the requirement of grouper, respectively.
In the experiment of control diet containing lower dietary protein (CP 45% from fishmeal protein) than the requirement, the results indicated: low utilization of none essential amino acid mixture (EAA); plant protein and EAA and none EAA mixture energy can partially replace the fishmeal protein energy, while at least 38% fishmeal protein was not replaceable; starch has better replacement efficiency than lipid, but both of them showed poor efficiency as compared to plant protein; lipid deposition, blood sugar and blood triglyceride increased with increase of dietary lipid; the fish fed non-protein energy (carbohydrate and lipid) diet excreted lower ammonia-N excretion than that fed control diet or other protein energy sources; the fish fed all diets to satiation excreted higher ammonia-N and took longer time to return to prefeeding level than that fed at 1% of body weight; the dietary effects of replacement in two feeding regimes on total ammonia-N excretion were similar.
In the experiment of control diet containing higher dietary protein (CP 52% from 47% fishmeal protein and 5% plant protein) than requirement, the results indicated: non-protein energy sources (starch and lipid) can partially replace 5% fishmeal protein energy without affecting growth performance; it is confirmed again that the replacement efficiency of starch was better than that of lipid, and fish fed lipid diet obviously showed higher body lipid deposit and plasma triglyceride than that fed plant protein and starch diet.
To further identify the effect of dietary lipid level on the fish, the following two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, low, medium and high energy content (CP 47% with 337, 366, 398 kcal/100g diet, respectively) were formulated by adjusting lipid content (6, 10, 14%, respectively) in the diets. In the fixed ratio feeding treatment, fish fed low dietary energy diet showed higher weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency than that fed medium or high dietary energy diet. A tendency of decrease feed intake with increasing dietary energy was observed in the satiation feeding treatment, and thus resulted in better feed efficiency but no difference in growth and higher lipid deposition and blood triglyceride. The second experiment showed high fat (18% fat) in the low protein (31% CP) diet (LP-HF) resulted in abnormally increased levels of plasma glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, lower production of superoxide anion and poor growth performance. However, moderate protein (47% CP) in the high fat diet (MP-HF) decreased the impairing metabolism and increased the production of superoxide anion. High dietary lipid enhanced the immune response of grouper after acute cold shock.
These results suggested the optimal formulated diet for spotted grouper could contain 47% protein with 38% from fish meal, 6-8% lipid, 20% gelatinized starch and 337 kcal/100g diet ME.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/094NTOU5086004 |
| Date | January 2006 |
| Creators | Ann-Chang Cheng, 鄭安倉 |
| Contributors | Chyng-Hwa Liou, 劉擎華 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 181 |
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