碩士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 水產養殖學系 / 97 / Two experiments were conducted in a recirculation system, to determine the effects of corn starch and tapioca starch, gelatinized and non-gelatinized tapioca starch supplementation in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) diets. Eight diets for each experiment were prepared to replace fish meal, formulated to contain 50, 45, 40 and 35% of crude protein supplied mainly by fish meal. Tapioca starch and corn starch was used during the experiment I. Gelatinized tapioca starch and non-gelatinized tapioca starch was used on experiment II. The diets for experiment I were evaluated as follows 50, 45, 40 and 35 % crude protein which was replaced with 17, 22, 28 and 35 % of tapioca and corn starch, based on isodigestible energy, testing in total eight experimental diets during a trial of 56 days. Fish meal can be replaced by tapioca or corn starch expressing a decreasing weight gain when increasing the amount of starch included on diets. After 28% starch inclusion in diets feed conversion ratio significantly increased and feed intake consequently increased, decreased weight gain. Glucose and triglyceride were increased with the replacement of starch level increased but no significant difference was observed for those parameters. Same trend was observed for intraperitoneal fat, viscerosomatic, hepatosomatic indices and condition factor, but expressing significant differences between the treatments. The supplementation with tapioca and corn starch did not show significant difference for weight gain, feed intake, lipids, glycogen and moisture in liver. At the end of the study the result of ammonia excretion showed reduction when the replacement of tapioca or corn starch was increasing. The higher ammonia excretion was result on diets containing 50% crude protein and 17 % tapioca or corn starch. Those results indicated that crude protein from fish meal can be replaced with tapioca or corn starch in amounts of 22 to 28 % inclusion in diets with 45 to 40 % crude protein, respectively without any detriment effect on weight gain, and no difference was found between the two starch treatments. The results of experiment II showed that fish fed non-gelatinized diets had better weight and FCR compared to gelatinized diets. Increasing the amount of gelatinized tapioca starch significantly affected the fish weigh gain, and increased the feed conversion ratio; however feed intake was not affected among the treatments. The results for ammonia excretion had the opposite trend as weight gain; ammonia excretion in water was decreasing when the amount of gelatinized or non-gelatinized tapioca starch replacement level was higher, not only for total ammonia excretion but also for ammonia excretion during different hours. The plasma parameters increase when the amount of gelatinized and non-gelatinized tapioca starch was increasing. Significant different was found for glucose and triglyceride but not for cholesterol. As summary, fish meal can be replaced by non-gelatinized tapioca starch up to 22 to 28 % non-gelatinized tapioca starch with 45 to 40 % of crude protein from fish meal respectively, without any noticeable decreasing effect on weight gain. All of them, intraperitoneal fat, viscerosomatic, hepatosomatic indices and condition factor, showed significant differences within the treatments affected not only for the amount of crude protein but for the gelatinized and non-gelatinized starch source used during the trial. Although 50, 45 and 40 % crude protein combined with 17, 22 and 28 % of non-gelatinized tapioca starch respectively showed a close performance on weight gain, replacing fish meal by non-gelatinized tapioca starch seems to reduce feed intake which in consequent reduce weight gain.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/097NTOU5086025 |
| Date | January 2009 |
| Creators | Derick Lee Foster Mayen, 戴瑞克 |
| Contributors | Chyng-Hwa Liou, 劉擎華 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 85 |
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