碩士 / 中原大學 / 心理學研究所 / 98 / Object: A craving, which is one of the common but strong experiences of substance-abusers, is an important issue in the field of addiction. We used to apply Cue-Exposure Paradigm to the study by exposing the abusers to substance-related cues to induce their cravings and simultaneously to measure the verbal and the nonverbal, the subjective and the objective cravings. The results indicated that abusers, exposed to the substance-related cues, showed an increase of the subjective cravings, and changes of the objective psychophysiology. However, the results of the measurement of psychophysiology so far do not come to a final conclusion. The former studies seldom excluded the anxiety interference and explored less the influences of different abuse circumstances on the cravings. Therefore, this study aims at what are the expressions of the subjective and the objective cravings of the heroin-abusers under different abuse conditions, and whether there is a difference between their expressions of the subjective and the objective cravings.
Method: In the study, there are 51 male participants, chosen as main objects of the study out of the inmates, of heroin cases or determinately sentenced for heroin-abuse within half a year. They are divided into groups of neutral cues (15), single user (18), and group user (18); the VAS, the craving questionnaire, and the biofeedback instrumentation are applied to the measurement of their heart rates, skin conductance, and skin temperature. The expressions of these groups are further compared.
Results: The result indicates that the subjective cravings of three groups are not significant, but if the groups are rearranged in terms of their exposure to substance cues, the difference of the subjective cravings becomes marginally significant. In aspect of the objective psychophysiology, when the anxiety is excluded, the heart response rate and recovery rate are significant, and the skin conductance response rate and recovery rate are marginally significant, but the skin temperature is not significant. As to correlations, the subjective-index craving questionnaire and the VAS are positive correlated; the correlations between the psychophysiological indexes, the skin conductance recovery rate and the skin temperature recovery rate are negative correlated. As to correlations between the indexes of the subjective and the objective cravings, the subjective cravings VAS2 at baseline separately with the heart rate at the exposure stage and that at the recovery stage is positive correlated. There is no significant correlation between the rest of the other subjective and objective indexes.
Conclusion: Only parts of the results of the study prove the differences between the subjective and the objective psychophysiological indexes under the abusers’ exposure to the heroin-related cues. The expression of the subjective cravings is only marginally significant, but consistent in tendency compared with the former studies. As to the psychophysiological indexes, the heart response rate and recovery rate are significant, and the skin conductance response rate and recovery rate are marginally significant, but the expression tendency is somewhat different from the results of most of the former studies: the heart rate decreasing, the skin conductance increasing, and the skin temperature decreasing; therefore, the heart rate is a better index of the objective craving measurement. Finally, the text also indicates some possible factors of limits and interference, and future foci of the study.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/098CYCU5071001 |
| Date | January 2010 |
| Creators | WEI-YA CHIU, 邱惟雅 |
| Contributors | Fu-Chien Hung, 洪福建 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 111 |
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