碩士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 應用經濟研究所 / 98 / Taiwan is gradually keeping up with the international trend in protecting marine resources. In recent year, the authorities promote the projects of biological diversity and plan to establish the marine-based National park in order to benefit the marine environment, ecology and resources, while three isletsis one of the cases. Before the implementation of this policy, the authorities must understand the public’s intention and attitude toward the establishment of three isletsmarine National park, moreover, explore the value of establishing the park.
This study uses the contingent valuation method (CVM) to valuate the willing to pay (WTP) of the public’s option value (OV), existence value (EV) and bequest value (BV) in the establishment of three isletsmarine National park separately. Furthermore, in order to understand the intentions and attitudes of the public, the questionnaire is used. The literature finds that evaluating natural resource value is easily having zero responses in CVM questionnaire. However, part of the zero respondents didn’t show the true WTP, but gives protest responses. Such problems can be solved by Heckman’s (1979) sample selection model. In this study the sample selection model is combined with double-bounded MLE model and Tobit model, separately, to address the protest response. Finally, the two sample selection models are compared with the traditional double-bounded MLE model to find a most efficient estimative way.
The empirical results of the sample selection double-bounded MLE model show that respondents with higher WTP are male, college education level or higher, 50-70 thousands monthly income level or more, and agree with “establishing three isletsmarine National park will increase employment opportunities and income for the residents nearby the coast”. Those who often engage in outdoor activities or have been the members of any environmental conservation organization or group, also have higher WTP. In addition, the respondents have higher WTP always with support attitude to”the establishment of three isletsmarine National park” or consider to “designate the area as conservation for lifetime or future generations use” is important. The estimation of average WTP per person for “option value”, “existence value” and “bequest value” is $1,360.17, $1,218.51 and $974.539 per year, separately. The results of sample selection Tobit model shows that respondents with higher WTP are with college education level or higher, 50-70 thousands monthly income level or more, have been to Three Northern Islands, have participated in activities organized by environmental groups or have been the members of any environmental conservation organization or group. Respondents with higher WTP also supporting “the establishment of three isletsmarine National park” and “considering that designate the area as conservation for future generations” is important. The estimation of average WTP per person for “option value”, “existence value” and “bequest value” is $1,112.39, $706.296 and $ 704.542 per year.
Compared these two sample selection models with traditional double-bounded MLE model, the sample selection models are supperior since the sample selective bias has been corrected. What’s more, the sample selection Tobit model is more efficient than sample selection double-bounded MLE model and is the best model among the three.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/098NTOU5452003 |
| Date | January 2010 |
| Creators | Chien-Yun Cheng, 鄭茜云 |
| Contributors | Man-Ser Jan, 詹滿色 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 110 |
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