博士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 海洋生物研究所 / 101 / Spirorchiidae fulkes are the common parasites of sea turtles, and act as an important agent that causes the stranding and mortality worldwide. There are many standing alive or dead marine turtles occurralong the coasts of Taiwan. According to the previous studies, about 70% stranded green turtles were infected with spirorchiidiasis, and may cause the death of some turtles. In this study，we collected 73 sea turtles, including 1 leatherback turtle, 4 loggerhead turtles, 7 hawksbill turtles and 61 green turtles. The prevalence of spirororchiidae flukes infection was 65.7%(48/73) of all stranded sea turtles in Taiwan; 75.4%(46/61) of green tutles, and 28.6% (2/7)of hawksbill turtles, none was found in loggerhead and leatherback turtles. According to the result of this study, 5 species belongs to 3 genous of spirorchiidae flukes were found from 23 sea turtles(22 green turtles and 1 hawksbill turtle), they are Leardius learedi, Hapalotrema mehrai, H. postorchis, H. mistroides and Carettacola hawaiiensis. Only H. mistroides was found in hawksbill turtle, the others were found in green turtles. To our knowledge, H. mistroides is the first record in hawksbill turtle, and C. hawaiiensis was also the first record outside the Hawaiian green turtles population. We also found three types of spirorchiids egg in this study, among them, type I egg was the largest and most common ones, type II eggs were the rarely occurred type, and type III was the smallest one.
Cardiovascular disease was mainly caused by Spirorchiidae flukes infection in sea turtles of Taiwan. Theses flukes were found mainly in the artery around the heart, and cause vasculitis or thrombosis and form the aneurysm. Spirorchiidae eggs can be found in the major tissues and organs, especially in the spleen, and may cause vasvulitis and granulomatous. We also found that type III egg may easier accumulate in peripheral vasculars, and formed visible black spot in the surface of intestine or brain.
For the nutritional status of stranded turtles, more weak(C3) ones can be found in the infected turtles, and splenic egg burden increased with the loss of body weight. Highest degree of Spirorchiidae infection(SIF3)can be found in weaker turtles and the ones with more organs infested with spirorchiidasis . The four juvenile green turtles with the highest degree of Spirorchiidae infection were believed to related to their poor immune system. Although age might not be an important factor of prevalence of Spirorchiidae infection in sea turtles, it might acts as an important factor for the immunoreactions to against the Spirorchiidae infection. Finally, this study assessed that spirochiidasis may be responsible for the death of 4.6% turtles (5.2% in green turtles) , and may contributory to the death of another 13.4% turtles (15.8% in green turtle). The death of remaining 82% of the sea turtles (78.9% of the green turtles) was not caused by spirorchiidasis.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/101NTOU5270009 |
| Date | January 2013 |
| Creators | Ho-Chang Chen, 陳禾張 |
| Contributors | I-Jiunn Cheng, 程一駿 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 124 |
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