博士 / 國立中央大學 / 地球科學學系 / 102 / The orogenic belt in northern Taiwan extends along-strike and offshore to become collapsed and submerged terrane. This study establishes two structural balanced cross sections across the northern Taiwan mountain belt to clarify the spatial structure distribution, and to deduct structural development and amount of compression for this mountain belt. In addition, with newly collected reflection seismic and chirp sonar data, together with published results, I map out major structures in the offshore area. The spatial relation between offshore and onshore structures is also discussed. Finally, tectonic evolutionary stages from mountain building to mountain collapsing in the study area are proposed according to results from this study and literature.
Offshore northern Taiwan, it is in a state of post-collisional collapse, where collision orogen collapsed as a result of normal faulting. The development of normal faults has brought about the development of a series of half-grabens. Reflection seismic data shows those half-grabens feature a westward-thickening and wedge-shaped sediment package which lying unconformity on top of tilted strata. The underlying tilted beds were deformed during the compressional orogenic phase before late Pliocene. They were then subjected to extension since late Pliocene. Seismic data show that the sediment thickness of those graben infills thins southwardly toward Taiwan from offshore to onshore area. This indicates that normal faults first develop in offshore area and propagate toward Taiwan in a later stage.
Seismic data show a few major offshore structures. From NW to SE, we herein name those structures as J1 anticline, T1 syncline, normal faults of A, B, C, D, and E, L anticline, normal faults of F, G, H, and I, respectively. Study results show that most of offshore structures are spatially correlatable to onshore structures. For examples, J1 anticline and T1 syncline lying NW offshore Chinshan area are the offshore extension of the onshore Jianshanhu anticline and Tiaoshi syncline, respectively; A fault is the offshore extension of the onshore Huanghsi (normal) fault. Faults B, D and E are spatially correlatble to their onshore counterparts of Kanchiao fault, Keelung fault and Taipei fault, respectively. L anticline is the offshore extension of the onshore Pitouchiao anticline. The F fault, offshore Kungliao is spatially correlatble to the onshore Chuchih fault; G fault (offshore Santiaochiao) to the onshore Tachiaohsi fault; H fault (offshore Toucheng) to the onshore Lishan fault; and I fault (offshore Ilan) to the onshore Jhuoshuei fault. Offshore seismic data and onshore geology show that offshore normal faults of A, G, and H may already extend to the onshore region. The offshore A fault connecting to the onshore Huanshi fault is the most prominent onshore-offshore fault correlation and development in the studied region.
The study results and published literature allow this study to propose five tectonic evolutionary stages to depict how the study area evolved from initial mountain building to final collapsing with an emphasis on fault development and igneous activities. (1) 6.5~3 Ma: Initial collision resulted in a series of NE-SW trending, and east dipping imbricated thrust sheets in northern Taiwan, and these thrust slices extend along-strike to the present-day offshore area. (2) 3~2 Ma: Extension commenced in the offshore area because of the flip of subduction polarity. Early volcanism was seen at the Tatung volcano around 2.8~2.5 Ma. (3) 2~0.8 Ma: Rifting of the South Okinawa Trough resulted in the extensive development of normal faults offshore northern Taiwan. Igneous activities are found both in onshore Keelung and Tatun volcanoes and some offshore islets such as Penchiayu, Mianhuayu, and Keelungyu and (4) 0.8~0.4 Ma: Extensive normal faulting and magmatic activities resulted in a series of half-grabens in offshore areas and some main edifices of volcanic islets, such as Keelungyu, Huapingyu, Mianhua, and Pengjiayu, and the main body of onshore Tatun volcano. Onshore Chinshan thrust fault was inverted to become the Huanghsi normal fault and Hsinchuang thrust fault inverted as Shanchiao normal fault. (5) 0.4~0 Ma: Continued extension in both offshore and onshore areas with subdued volcanic eruption of the Tatung volcanoes. Normal faulting on Shanchiao fault and Huangshi fault results in the formation of Taipei and Chinshan half-grabens, respectively.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/102NCU05134001 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Creators | Kuan-Yu Chen, 陳冠宇 |
| Contributors | Andrew Tien-Shun Lin, 林殿順 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 199 |
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