碩士 / 東海大學 / 建築學系 / 102 / "Neighborhood unit" originated in the early 19th century, Howard respond to industrialized urban living quality deterioration proposed "Garden City" concept：a mix of urban-rural living quality, take the industry, job opportunity forming classless and "self-sustain" community. When "Garden City Movement" spread to the United States, Perry offered to a paradigmatic planning model : primary schools、locoal business and public facilities consist of the unit center to achieve racial integration and use facilitie’s service radius、the number of students in school to calculate population density. The planning concept passed to the United State and the Soviet Union in the 19th century, were generate a different interpretation: In the United States, and the space in the form of low-density neighborhood unit "picturesque style" is to absorb the real estate market, with a vast land area and suburban commuter road expansion, car universal form flaunt middle class segment of the garden suburbs; while in the Soviet Union, in the socialist transformation of the city and the organization of collective production of heavy demand, "evacuation" concept with railway development, the neighborhood unit used in the suburbs supported by the national state-owned enterprises city settlements.
After World War II, "neighborhood unit"enter into the Third World, the face of the post-war 1950s urban renewal, political and industrial immigrant population brought resettlement countries and emerging nationalism rise sworn great demand for the dual government, is as a by central government investment to build, to appease the "exemplary" building special groups, implemented in Shanghai Cao Yang New Village, Nantou Zhongxing Village both cases, the high standards of space and establish a taste of the traditional settlement "difference", a follow-up residential development follow the model. 60 years, cross-strait economic recovery into industrial development, the Soviet Union brought under the bipolar opposition camp "foreign aid" plan intervention, neighborhood unit to produce differences in the spatial form to be labeled ideological label. But in common "planned economy industrialization", unit construction as "units" to pay stable labor relations of production under the "company town, village workers," "work to live one" layout, with the labor productivity of industrial facilities, giving way industrialization "low standard construction" has become characteristic of this period.
After the 1970s, the collapse of the bipolar structure, the two sides have been integrated into the global capital expansion, in the housing market and the impact of the rise of commercialization, the public sector is no longer a mainstream neighborhood unit and with the commercialization of penetration after another collapse. Local governments began to transition to meet the real estate capital of attitude urban planning career preparation, from the outside to expand the "no change", the city plans to completely take over the development of public facilities, neighborhood boundary shift occurred with the center, complete form to be cut. The land under the differential rent squeeze the inner city, neighborhood unit fought in the suburbs. Real estate capital using the "garden in the form of" sale of goods as symbols, with the high standards of the Public offer to attract middle-class suburb of home production; but with lower commercialization postulate "economies of scale" to emerge, private supply can not meet the premise that most collective consumer regression urban planning, neighborhood "self-sufficiency" in essence meaning shattered. In its bumpy course of development also seem to suggest that the neighborhood planning unit of the product can only be developed in the "planning cell" approach of public sector units, when returned to the market, commodity extraction in its favor, "form" and stripped core "facilities", and "self-sufficiency" has also led to social implications of utopian planning disillusionment.
Keywords: Neighborhood unit、Military Settlement、Company town 、Commercialization trafficking、 Forms、Public facilities
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/102THU00222028 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Creators | Zhouweitian, 周為天 |
| Contributors | Kuo, Chi-jeng, 郭奇正 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 207 |
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