碩士 / 國立中山大學 / 海洋環境及工程學系研究所 / 103 / With the completion of Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit (KMRT), the public has been offered the great conveniencein transportation. However, according to the Department of Statistics, Ministry of Transportation and Communications in 2014, the public transportation usage rate in Kaohsiung City was only 8.2% while that of private vehicles was 81.6%. With the usage rate of private vehicles increasing year by year, the exhaust emissions could lead to the serious air pollution. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the opening of the KMRT on the bus ridership, the number of private vehicles and the amount of exhaust emissions. This study applied the line source dispersion model based on the TEDS8.1 emission volume database issued by the Environmental Protection Administration to estimate the annualamount of exhaust emissions from private vehicles. Moreover, we alsocollected related dataregarding the current traffic situation of Kaohsiung City, and transformed these collected data into usable parameters via Excel for further comparison and analysis in this study.
The results showed thatafter its opening in 2008, the annualoperational performance of the KMRT has increased 12.75%, and the majorridership fell on Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Moreover, the passenger loads on weekends were higher than those onweekdays. Despite the gradual increase in the number of residents, the opening of the KMRT did not have a direct influence on the population growth in both the administrative districts with/without the KMRT. The results also showed that the number of days, which the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) was reported higher than 100, only slightly increased in 2013 while the monthly PSIlowered by 65.6 days (3.90%). In addition, except for the air pollution of THC, the contaminations of CO, NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and NMHC have been improved fora certain degree. Concerning private vehicles after the opening of the KMRT, the number of scooters/motorcycles still increased until the enactment of the motor vehicles policy by the Directorate General of Highways in 2012,while the number of cars has kept increasing for the next five years,with an average growth rate of 9.2%. Both scooters/motorcycles and cars have had higher monthly average growth rates after the opening of the KMRT. As for private vehicle ownership ratio per household and that per 1,000 persons, the ratio onscooters/motorcycles has decreased while the ratio on cars slight increased. Additionally, the highest growth rate of cars and scooters/motorcycles among the administrative districts with KMRT can be observed in Gushan District, Zuoying District and Siaogang District, while Renwu District had the highest growth rate of cars and scooters/motorcycles among the administrative districts without KMRT. It is suggested that the opening of the KMRT hasan influence on the ownership ratio of scooters/motorcycles.
After the opening of the KMRT,thelevel of air pollutants caused byscooters/motorcycles has decreased in 2011, while there was no differenceon the level of air pollutants caused by cars. About 75% of the exhaust emissions mainly came from Kaohsiung Metropolis where the KMRT routes run. The number of gas stations and the sales of gas have gradually decreased year by year after the opening of the KMRT.In the mean time, the number of KMRT passengers has steadily increased, suggesting that the type of transportation has changed from private vehicles to the KMRT. Althoughthere is a significant increase in operating vehicles, operating rounds and traveling distance of all buses after the privatization of the bus system in 2014, the average passenger capacity of a bus per day and the average passenger capacity of a bus per round was lower than those before the privatization. It is suggested that the public usage of bus demonstrated noimprovement with the opening of the KMRT. These resultswere also confirmed by the survey on daily transportation use of the public issued by the Department of Statistics, Ministry of Transportation and Communications in April 2015.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/103NSYS5282037 |
| Date | January 2015 |
| Creators | Chien-Chung Chiang, 江建忠 |
| Contributors | Chon-Lin Lee, 李宗霖 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 166 |
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