碩士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 水產養殖學系 / 103 / Groupers are important aquaculture species, requiring high amount of protein in their diet. The high price of fish meal as a major protein source increases the cost of feed production. Meat and bone meal has been shown to be a suitable alternative to fish meal protein, promoting a more sustainable and economical aquaculture production. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with meat and bone meal (MBM) as alternative dietary protein source for orange-spotted grouper and hybrid tiger giant grouper and also to compare the growth response of both species to a MBM-based diet.
Two experiments were conducted using two different fish species. In the 1st experiment fish meal was replaced at 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 50% (lys + met) of MBM, making a total of 7 diets. The second experiment diet was formulated to be the same as the first experiment but with the addition of 50% combination MBM and PBM to replace FM, making a total of 8 diets for the 2nd experiment. The experimental diets were iso-proteic, 51% protein (ca. dry matter basis) and iso-lipidic, 11% lipid. Tallow was used as the lipid source, and was gradually reduced while replacing it with fish oil to maintain an EPA+DHA of 0.86 in all the fish fed the experimental diets. Juvenile orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (Avg. body weight, 54.2g) for the experiment 1 and Juvenile hybrid tiger giant grouper (E. fuscoguttatus x E. lanceolatus) (TGGG) (Avg. body weight, 65.8g) for experiment 2 in triplicates of 10 groupers were randomly assigned to each rectangular glass tank (50 L of seawater) reared in a re-circulating system. The fish were fed to satiation twice daily for 56 days.
No significant difference was observed in percentage weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) between the fish fed the control diets and those fed MBM-based diets (P> 0.05) in both experiment except fish fed 30% MBM-based diet which was significantly higher (P< 0.05) in the 2nd experiment. An increasing trend was observed in the final body weight (FBW), PWG, SGR and feed intake (FI) as the level of MBM increased. Fish fed 40%, 50% and 50% (Lys + Met) had higher FI in both experiments. Feed efficiency (FE) was not significantly different between the fish fed the control and the fish fed MBM-based diets in both experiments except the fish fed 50% MBM-based diet which was significantly lower in the 2nd experiment (P< 0.05). Survival of grouper was not affected by the experimental diets. The 2 species (orange spotted grouper and hybrid tiger giant grouper) used in both experiments exhibited similar improved growth and increased feed intake when fed the MBM-based diets. However, the PWG, SGR FI and FE of hybrid tiger giant grouper was about 1.5 times higher than that of orange spotted grouper fed same MBM-based diets. Ventral muscle and liver proximate composition, conditional factor, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat, plasma glucose, GOT and GPT of both species were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. However, plasma triglyceride of the fish fed 0% was significantly higher than those fed 10%, 30%, 50% and 50% (Lys + Met) (P< 0.05). Plasma cholesterol levels showed a decreasing trend from the fish fed control diet to those fed 50% (Lys + Met) and 50% (PM) experimental diets in both experiments. In both experiments, the accumulation pattern of ammonia excretion was not different from the other fish fed the experimental diets and the total ammonia production was not markedly influenced by the increasing replacement of FM by MBM in both experiments. These results suggests that fish meal protein can be replaced by meat and bone meal as a major protein source up to 50% with or without amino acid supplementation in the diets of juvenile orange spotted grouper and hybrid tiger giant grouper without negatively affecting feed utilization, growth performance, body index and blood chemistry of the fish.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/103NTOU5086012 |
| Date | January 2015 |
| Creators | Kadiene Esther Uzoma, 開汀妮 |
| Contributors | Liou Chyng-Hwa, 劉擎華 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 56 |
Page generated in 0.0018 seconds