碩士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 水產養殖學系 / 103 / In this study, fish meal protein was replaced with poultry meal (P) and soybean meal (S) at 40% and 12.4% respectively. Three experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal with fermented soybean meal (FS), and at two different protein and lipid levels and the effect of supplementing fermented algae (FA) powder on the growth, feed utilization and physiological response of grouper (Epinephelus coioides) . Two types of FS (wet and dry) were used. About 5% of wet FS was added in all the treatments except control treatment. In the three experiments, the average initial body weight of grouper was about 43.4 g and reared for 8 weeks.
Experiment 1: An iso-proteic, 51% protein (ca. dry matter basis) and iso-lipidic, 10% lipid diet contained dry FS replacing fish meal at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% levels. The results showed that feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) increased gradually as the FS inclusion level increased. However, feed efficiency (FE) reduced gradually as the inclusion level of FS increased. Conditional factor, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. Plasma glucose and plasma cholesterol showed no significant trend. Plasma triglyceride and liver lipid increased gradually as the FS inclusion level increased.
Experiment 2: FS replaced fish meal at 0% and 10% levels in a three factorial experimental design containing 46 (LP) and 51% (HP) crude protein and 10 (LF) and 15% (HF) crude lipid. The results showed that FE reduced with the inclusion FS. FI increased with the inclusion FS. FE, WG and SGR of fish fed high-protein (HP) diets were higher than those fed low-protein (LP) diets. FE of the fish fed high-fat (HF) diets were higher than those fed low-fat (LF) diets. Conditional factor, viscerosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat, plasma cholesterol, plasma triglyceride of fish fed high-fat (HF) diets were significantly higher than those fed low-fat (LF) diets (P<0.01). Liver protein of fish fed high-protein (HP) diets were higher than those fed low-protein (LP) diets (P<0.01). Liver lipid of fish fed high-fat (HF) diets were significantly higher than those fed low-fat (LF) diets (P<0.01). Abdominal muscle composition were not significantly affected by the experimental diets.
Experiment 3: Six experimental diets of 0% dry FS + 5% wet FS, 0% S and 10% S with or without the supplementation of fermented algae powder (FA) were designed to evaluate their effect on growth and physiological response of grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The results showed that growth performance, body index, blood chemistry, liver and abdominal muscle composition of the fish fed diets supplemented with FA were not significantly different. The activity of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was higher in the fish fed diets with FA than those fed diets without FA, but were not significantly different.
The overall growth performance and cost analysis showed that FS15 had better WG and FI. Therefore, fish meal protein can be replaced up to 78.9%. High protein (51%) and high-fat (15%) diets had higher feed efficiency and protein sparing effect. Fish fed diets supplemented with FA 0.5% showed no significantly difference in growth performance, body index, blood chemistry, liver and abdominal muscle composition and SOD.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/103NTOU5086014 |
| Date | January 2015 |
| Creators | Hsiao, Wei-Chih, 蕭偉志 |
| Contributors | Liou, Chyng-Hwa, 劉擎華 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 63 |
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