碩士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 海洋事務與資源管理研究所 / 104 / Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered as one of the most effective tools for resolving the problems of overfishing. The Northern Three Islets (Pengjia Islet, Mianhua Islet and Huaping Isle) located in the northeastern of Taiwan are surrounded with abundant natural resources. This study aims to evaluate the importance of this fishing ground (25.25-25.75°N, 121.75°~122.25°E) to fishermen, the possible economic impacts and fishermen’s perceptions on the Northern Three Islets MPA initiatives. Sixty-five fishermen operating eight fisheries (including Taiwanese purse seiners, pole and line, recreational pole-and-line, torch light net, gill net, misc.fish longline, crab traps, and trawl) from Keelung County, New Taipei City, and I-Lan County were selected by purposive sampling and interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, voyage data recorder (VDR) information of 2014 was used to identify their fishing grounds. The results showed 64.6% were elder fishermen. The average profit margin was 52%. The Taiwanese purse seiners have highest net profit (US$ 214,554). Fuel (42%) and personnel costs (37%) were the major composition of total cost in average. The fisheries dependence of Taiwanese purse seiners, misc.fish long line, and recreational pole-and-line were over 50%. Most of them considered the northeastern area was high economic value areas, although some of their real fishing positions were more in northwestern area. As for the possible effect of the MPA on fishery activities, it may cause 0.01 to 0.39% annual economic losses by fisheries if it is set up within 1 nautical-mile as MPAs. The possible impacts will range from 0.01% to 0.90% by fisheries within 2 nautical-mile, 0.01% to 1.43% by fisheries within 3 nautical-mile, and 0.03% to 7.00% with 6 nautical-mile. The Taiwanese purse seiners and torch light fisheries will be impacted more than the others. The fishermen’s perceptions on the design of Northern Three Islets MPAs were agreeing (23%), no comments (31%), and disagree (46%). Overall, 54% did not against on the establishment of the MPAs. Majority of elders (77%) have strongly against the design of recreational fisheries activities. More than 75% crab traps fishermen showed strongly agree that MPAs can be beneficial to fish stock. In addition, 61% young fishermen thought the illegal fishing activities are serious and the government did not take enough actions yet. In conclusion, it is suggested that: (1) the core area (1 nautical-mile) which is highly protected area, only recreational activities are allowed, and rock fishing license system should be established; (2) the buffer zone (3 nautical-mile) are only allowed for line fisheries; (3) the transition area (6 nautical- mile) would be applied for multiple-use area, of which net fisheries should be well regulated. In older to sustain the marine living resources, it is further suggested that the government should continue to conduct scientific survey and research, applied Voyage Data Recorder data as tool for zoning of MPAs, to strengthen the enforcement on illegal foreign fishing vessels, to include fishermen in the planning process, taking zoning management step by step, to avoid objections by fishermen due to the possible short-term socio-economic impacts. These actions would be valuable to increase the long-term positive effects of MPAs and fishermen conservation perception.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/104NTOU5277004 |
| Date | January 2016 |
| Creators | Kumai, Fu-Yin, 古麥福音 |
| Contributors | Huang, Hsiang-wen, 黃向文 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 79 |
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