碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 外國語文學系外國文學與語言學碩士班 / 105 / The present study examined the Mandarin tone development by 4-year-old children with Protracted Phonological Development (PPD) in Shanghai and compared their tone production patterns with typically developing children of the same age. PPD refers to children without physiological or psychological impairment but simply show similar phonological patterns to those of younger normative children. Eighty words were used for picture naming. The stimuli contain each Mandarin segment at least twice and all possible tone sequences at least once. The recordings were transcribed. A series of statistical analyses were conducted to examine the effects group, tone, and syllable position on the accuracy rate. The results indicated that PPD children had significant difficulty in producing Tone 3 and Tone 4 than normative children. Tone 1 and Tone 2 showed higher accuracy rate in nonphrasal-final position while Tone 4 showed higher accuracy rate in phrasal-final position. Furthermore, normative children's production of Tone 2 and Tone 3 in nonphrasal-final position were significantly better performance. Finally, compared to other four lexical tones, the accuracy rate of neutral tone was significantly lower. The results of error analysis indicated that Tone 1 and Tone 4 were used by two groups to substitute each other in both syllable positions. On the other hand, Tone 2 and Tone 3 substituted for each other in phase-final position; however, Tone 2 was misarticulated the most as Tone 1 in nonphrasal-final position. In conclusion, this study provided a detailed investigation of tonal patterns by PPD and normative children in different syllable positions, and included neutral tone production in the investigation. We hope the results could provide more information for the pedagogical design for PPD children.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/105NCTU5094003 |
| Date | January 2017 |
| Creators | Li, Chin-Yang, 李金鴦 |
| Contributors | Lai, Yu-Wen, 賴郁雯 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 46 |
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