碩士 / 東吳大學 / 微生物學系 / 105 / Acetaminophen (APAP) and ibuprofen (IBU) which are non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NASIDs), are the most common emerging pollutants of the NASIDs in rivers in Taiwan. The impacts of the residues of the both drugs on aquatic ecosystem and aquaculture are poorly understood. To assess the potential risk of APAP and IBU for cultured freshwater prawn, in this study, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, which a major cultured freshwater prawn in Taiwan, was used as the experimental animal and exposed to different concentrations of APAP and IBU for 10 days, respectively. After immersion, different physiological functions of the kinds of gene transcription levels and six kind of enzyme activities, including immunity, antioxidation, stress, detoxification, respiration, and hepatopancreas damage, were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and enzymes assay kits, respectively. In addition, the change of bacterial flora in feces of prawn and the susceptibility of prawn to the infection of pathogens were examined.
The results from prawns immersed in APAP showed that, the transcriptional levels of two genes were inhibited at APAP with high concentration (0.3 mg/L), including the immunity-related gene prophenoloxidase (proPO) and one detoxification-related gene glutathione-S-transferase (GST); at low concentration (0.3 mg/L) of APAP, three kinds of gene transcription can be influenced, including reducing the mRNA amounts of both proPO and α2-Macroglobulin (α2-M) and one respiration-related gene cytochrome oxidase subunit (cos). After prawns immersed in IBU, only the gene α2-M was significantly inhibited at high concentration (0.2 mg/L)(p＜0.05) and all target genes were not significantly changed at lower concentration (0.02 mg/L). The results from prawns immersed in the pond water containing mixing with an equal concentration of APAP and IBU at at 0.015 mg/L each showed that the mRNA amount of the gene proPO and the antioxidation-related gene superoxide dismutase-copper, zinc (SOD-Cu, Zn) were increased; however, those of the immunity-related gene peroxinectin (pon), and α2-M, and the respiration-related gene cos were reduced.
As for the effect of the both drugs on enzyme activity of different physiological functions, three kinds of activities of enzyme activities were influenced after prawn exposed to APAP, including increasing of phenoloxidase (PO) activity, and reducing activities of hepatopancreas damage-related glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT). When the prawns were exposed to IBU, Shrimps immersed alone IBU, the increase of PO activity and the detoxification related glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, and the decrease of the activity of GOT and GPT were detected. After prawns exposed in mix of APAP and IBU, the proPO converted into PO were immediately elicited in plasma, the activity of the antioxidation-related enzyme, selenium-dependent Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was reduced, and the activities both GOT and GPT activity were increased. According the above results, this study found that, for some physiological function genes or enzymes, APAP and IBU affected each other, including the synergy for PO activity, the antagonism for the gene cos expression, the potentiation for GOT activity, and the antagonism for GPT activity. Furthermore, the results from pathogen-challenged prawns challenged with pathogen Lactococcus garviae were found that the mortality of all experimental groups was lower than that of control. Finally, the comparison the gut bacterial composition between control group and experimental group showed that the composition was various in different treated groups, but that of the same treated-groups was similar; as well as, after exposure for 10 days. The lower proportion of the pathogen L. garviae in the total gut bacteria from the all experimental groups than that of the control groups was detected. Based on all the results, this study speculates that, the experimental concentrations of APAP and IBU not only are safety to freshwater prawn but had a positive effect on resistance to infection.Therefore, the environmental concentration of APAP and IBU in Taiwan rivers should not threat to freshwater shrimp farming in Taiwan.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/105SCU00381002 |
| Date | January 2017 |
| Creators | LU, TING-HSUN, 呂庭薰 |
| Contributors | SUNG, HUNG-HUNG, 宋宏紅 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 169 |
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