碩士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 水產養殖學系 / 106 / The cuttlefish is commercially important fisheries worldwide. However, in the recent years, the cuttlefish is threatened in Taiwan. The annual capture production has dramatically decreased in the past 15 years. In this study, the wild cuttlefish and its eggs will be introduced and cultured in the flow-through aquaculture systems. The long-term captive culture of cuttlefish will also be studied. One thousand five hundred hatchings of Sepia pharaonis (two thousand embryos and hatching rate about 75%) were obtained for nursery trial and grow-out culture trial. The nursery trial with five stocking densities (100 m-2, 200 m-2, 500 m-2, 1000 m-2, and 2000 m-2) were used, respectively. The first week, no fight behavior was observed and no obvious relationship between the survival rate and stocking density. After two weeks, a significant number of deaths occurred in the 1000 m-2 and 2000 m-2 groups, indicating that these two stocking densities were too high. After two weeks, survival rate and maximum size (total length) in the stocking densities of 100 m-2, 200 m-2 and 500 m-2 were about 60%, 4 cm; 40%, 3 cm; and 30%, 2 cm, respectively. In the sub-adult (total length 3-4 cm) grow-out culture trial (with four stocking densities 10 m-2, 20 m-2, 40 m-2 and 60 m-2), we found higher survival rate and maximum size (total length) in the lower stocking densities during four-weeks trial. Finally, after 20-weeks trial, we got about 180 sub-adults (survival rate about 40%), weighing between 200 and 1000 g (average about 400 g). Furthermore, spawning behavior and embryos (F2) were observed at the end of November.
Accurate species composition and genetic diversity for stock assessments are necessary. However, there are few useful microsatellites for cuttlefish. In this study, the universal (cross-species) microsatellites for cuttlefish were developed by transcriptome sequencing. Four cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta, Sepia pharaonis, Sepia lycidas and Sepiella japonica), one squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) and one Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) were used. Transcriptome sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform generated a total of 2.77-3.37 Gb of raw data. De novo assembly yielded a total of 57,192-76,153 unigenes. The transcriptome of Sepia esculenta was used as the reference, and 1897 universal microsatellites were found among three Sepia species. These microsatellites are containing at least 100 bp flanking sequences could be further designed primers. Additionally, there are 1320 microsatellites shared among four Sepiida species, and 722 microsatellites among five Decapodiformes species, 65 microsatellites among six Neocoleoidea species. It means the possible universal microsatellites not only present among the cuttlefish but also share with the squid.
A total of 96 possible universal microsatellite markers were designed and tested, 16 of which could be used in 4 cuttlefish. Four polymorphic microsatellites for Sepia pharaonis (N = 48), and 5 microsatellites for Sepia esculenta (N = 32), and 2 microsatellites for Sepia lycidas (N = 24) were checked. These microsatellites were useful for subsequent research.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/106NTOU5086035 |
| Date | January 2018 |
| Creators | Ma, Chia-Huan, 馬家桓 |
| Contributors | Gong, Hong-Yi, 龔紘毅 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | zh-TW |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 學位論文 ; thesis |
| Format | 106 |
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