Assessing ecological sustainability involves monitoring of indicators and comparison of their states with performance targets that are deemed sustainable. First, a normative model was developed centered on evidence-based knowledge about (a) forest composition, structure, and function at multiple scales, and (b) performance targets derived by quantifying the habitat amount in naturally dynamic forests, and as required for presence of populations of specialized focal species. Second, we compared the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification standards’ ecological indicators from 1998 and 2010 in Sweden to the normative model using a Specific, Measurable, Accurate, Realistic, and Timebound (SMART) indicator approach. Indicator variables and targets for riparian and aquatic ecosystems were clearly under-represented compared to terrestrial ones. FSC’s ecological indicators expanded over time from composition and structure towards function, and from finer to coarser spatial scales. However, SMART indicators were few. Moreover, they poorly reflected quantitative evidence-based knowledge, a consequence of the fact that forest certification mirrors the outcome of a complex social negotiation process.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UPSALLA1/oai:DiVA.org:liu-90236 |
| Date | January 2013 |
| Creators | Angelstam, Per, Roberge, Jean-Michel, Axelsson, Robert, Elbakidze, Marine, Bergman, Karl-Olof, Dahlberg, Anders, Degerman, Erik, Eggers, Sönke, Essen, Per-Anders, Hjältén, Joakim, Johansson, Therese, Müller, Jörg, Paltto, Heidi, Snäll, Tord, Solovity, Ihor, Törnblom, Johan |
| Publisher | Linköpings universitet, Biologi, Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, Institute of Freshwater Research, Örebro, Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, Umeå University, Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, National Park Bavarian Forest, Grafenau, Germany, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv, Ukraine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden |
| Source Sets | DiVA Archive at Upsalla University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Article in journal, info:eu-repo/semantics/article, text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | Ambio, 0044-7447, 2013, 42:2, s. 229-240 |
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