Intersection Advance Driver Assist Systems (I-ADAS) may prevent 25 to 93% of intersection crashes. The effectiveness of I-ADAS will be limited by driver's pre-crash behavior and other environmental factors. This study will characterize real-world intersection traversals to evaluate the effectiveness of I-ADAS while accounting for driver behavior in crash and near-crash scenarios. This study characterized real-world intersection traversals using naturalistic driving datasets: the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP-2) and the Virginia Traffic Cameras for Advanced Safety Technologies (VT-CAST) 2020. A step-by-step approach was taken to create an algorithm that can identify three different intersection traversal trajectories: straight crossing path (SCP); left turn across path opposite direction (LTAP/OD); and left turn across path lateral direction (LTAP/LD). About 140,000 intersection traversals were characterized and used to train a unique driver behavior model. The median average speed for all encounter types was about 7.2 m/s. The driver behavior model was a Markov Model with a multinomial regression that achieved an average 90.5% accuracy across the three crash modes. The model used over 124,000 total intersection encounters including 301 crash and near-crash scenarios. I-ADAS effectiveness was evaluated with realistic driver behavior in simulations of intersection traversal scenarios based on proposed US New Car Assessment Program I-ADAS test protocols. All near-crashes were avoided. The driver with I-ADAS overall helped avoid more crashes. For SCP and LTAP the collisions avoided increased as the field of view of the sensor increased in I-ADAS only simulations. There were 18% crash scenarios that were not avoided with I-ADAS with driver. Among near-crash scenarios, where NHTSA expects no I-ADAS activation, there were fewer I-ADAS activations (58.5%) due to driver input compared to the I-ADAS only simulations (0%). / Master of Science / Intersection Advance Driver Assist Systems (I-ADAS) may prevent 25-93% of intersection crashes. I-ADAS can assist drivers in preventing or mitigating these crashes using a collision warning system or automatically applying the brakes for the driver. One way I-ADAS may assist in crash prevention is with automatic emergency braking (AEB), which will automatically apply braking without driver input if the vehicle detects that a crash is imminent. The United States New Car Assessment Program (US-NCAP) has also proposed adding I-ADAS with AEB tests into its standard test matrix. The US-NCAP has proposed three different scenarios. All the tests have two crash-imminent configurations where the vehicles are set up to collide if no deceleration occurs and a near-miss configuration where the vehicles are set up to barely miss each other. This study will use intersection traversals from naturalistic driving data in the US to build a driver behavior model. The intersection travels will be characterized by their speed, acceleration, deceleration, and estimated time to collision. The driver behavior model was able to predict the longitudinal and lateral movements for the driver. The proposed US-NCAP test protocols were then simulated with varied sensors parameters where one vehicle was equipped with I-ADAS and a driver. The vehicle with I-ADAS with a driver was more successful than a vehicle only equipped with I-ADAS at preventing a crash.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:VTETD/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/117245 |
| Date | 20 December 2023 |
| Creators | Kleinschmidt, Katelyn Anne |
| Contributors | Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Riexinger, Luke E., Haus, Samantha Helen, Hardy, Warren Nelson |
| Publisher | Virginia Tech |
| Source Sets | Virginia Tech Theses and Dissertation |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | ETD, application/pdf, application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document |
| Rights | In Copyright, http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ |
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