Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), as well as many other applications and sensors, involve segmenting sparse sets of points (point clouds) for which point density is the only discriminating feature. The segmentation of these point clouds is challenging for several reasons, including the fact that the points are not associated with a regular grid. Moreover, the presence of noise, particularly impulsive noise with varying density, can make it difficult to obtain a good segmentation using traditional techniques, including the algorithms that had been developed to process LiDAR data.
This dissertation introduces novel algorithms and frameworks based on statistical techniques and image analysis in order to segment and extract surfaces from sparse noisy point clouds. We introduce an adaptive method for mapping point clouds onto an image grid followed by a contour detection approach that is based on an enhanced version of region-based Active Contours Without Edges (ACWE). We also proposed a noise reduction method using Bayesian approach and incorporated it, along with other noise reduction approaches, into a joint framework that produces robust results.
We combined the aforementioned techniques with a statistical surface refinement method to introduce a novel framework to detect ground and canopy surfaces in micropulse photon-counting LiDAR data. The algorithm is fully automatic and uses no prior elevation or geographic information to extract surfaces. Moreover, we propose a novel segmentation framework for noisy point clouds in the plane based on a Markov random field (MRF) optimization that we call Point Cloud Densitybased Segmentation (PCDS). We also developed a large synthetic dataset of in plane point clouds that includes either a set of randomly placed, sized and oriented primitive objects (circle, rectangle and triangle) or an arbitrary shape that forms a simple approximation for the LiDAR point clouds. The experiment performed on a large number of real LiDAR and synthetic point clouds showed that our proposed frameworks and algorithms outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of segmentation accuracy and surface RMSE. / Ph. D.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:VTETD/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/73055 |
| Date | 28 September 2016 |
| Creators | Awadallah, Mahmoud Sobhy Tawfeek |
| Contributors | Electrical and Computer Engineering, Abbott, A. Lynn, Parikh, Devi, Nelson, Ross F., Hsiao, Michael S., Ghanem, Ahmed M., Wynne, Randolph H. |
| Publisher | Virginia Tech |
| Source Sets | Virginia Tech Theses and Dissertation |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Dissertation |
| Format | ETD, application/pdf |
| Rights | In Copyright, http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ |
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