Six intermediate-scale experiments were performed to determine the effects of melt rate, melt-freeze cycles, and initial chemical distribution on the timing and magnitude of the ionic pulse from a physically homogeneous snowpack. The greatest ionic concentration in the initial snowmelt resulted when long melt-freeze cycles were applied to a chemically homogeneous snowpack. Low melt rates resulted in faster initial ion removal than did high melt rates. Chemical species applied in a layer at mid pack were removed slower than species applied as a layer on the top. Sulfate and NO₃⁻ were consistently removed in preference to Cl⁻. Three ice-sphere experiments showed that the preferential release of SO₄⁻ and NO₃⁻ over Cl⁻ is influenced by microscale effects. In each case, SO₄⁻ and NO₃⁻ were rejected from the ice-crystal lattice to a greater extent than was Cl⁻, facilitating their early removal at the onset of melt.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:arizona.edu/oai:arizona.openrepository.com:10150/278260 |
| Date | January 1990 |
| Creators | Petersen, Christian E., 1962- |
| Contributors | Bales, Roger C. |
| Publisher | The University of Arizona. |
| Source Sets | University of Arizona |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text, Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) |
| Rights | Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. |
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